LONG  HEADS 


AND 


ROUND  HEADS 

h 

WILLIAMS.  SADLER 


Columbia  ®[nibers(itp 
in  tte  Citp  of  ^eto  gorfe 


LIBRARY 


GIVEN    BY 


GIFT  O^ 
H.  W.  WILSON 


LONG  HEADS  AND  ROUND  HEADS 


or 


What's  the  Matter  with  Germany 


LONG  HEADS  AND  ROUND  HEADS 


or 


What's  the  Matter  with  Germany 


WILLIAM  S.  SADLER,  M.D. 

PROFESSOR  AT  THE  POSTGRADUATE  MEDICAL  SCHOOL  OF  CHICAGO;  DIRECTOR 

OF  THE  CHICAGO  THERAPEUTIC  INSTITUTE;  FELLOW  OF  THE  AMERICAN 

MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION;   MEMBER  OF  THE  AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION 

FOR  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE,  THE  AMERICAN   PUBLIC 

HEALTH     ASSOCIATION,    ETC.,    ETC.,     ETC.;     AUTHOR    OF 

"the  SCIENCE  OF  LIVING,"  "THE  CAUSE  AND  CURE 

OF    COLDS,"    "the    PHYSIOLOGY    OF    FAITH    AND 

FEAR,"  "worry  and  NERVOUSNESS,"  "THE 

MOTHER   AND   HER  CHILD,"   ETC.,   ETC. 


ILLUSTRATED 


CHICAGO 

A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO. 

1918 


GIFT   CF 

H.  W.  WILSON 

MAR  2  2   1929 


Copyright 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

1918 


Published  March,  1918 


Copyrighted  in  Great  Britain 


F.   HALL  PRINTING  COMPANY,  CHICAGO 


TO  AMERICAN  SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS 

—  NATIVE  AND  NATURALIZED  — 

WHO  ARE  FIGHTING  IN  DEFENSE 

OF  HOME,  LIBERTY,  AND 

DEMOCRACY 


PREFACE 

WHILE  my  purpose  and  motives  in  writing 
and  compiling  this  little  volume  are  quite 
clearly  and  completely  expressed  in  the  text,  I  wish 
here  to  emphasize  that  while  I  am  desirous  of 
doing  my  full  duty  as  an  American  citizen  in  this 
trying  time  of  our  national  existence,  I  bear  no  ill 
feeling  and  entertain  no  prejudices  against  either 
the  German  people  or  any  system  of  teaching  or 
culture  —  just  because  it  is  German. 

I  have  endeavored,  in  bringing  the  matter  in  this 
little  work  together,  to  be  broad-minded,  and  I 
have  no  motive  in  my  heart  other  than  to  be  fair 
and  just.  In  my  study  of  the  spectacle  of  a  highly 
civilized  nation  suddenly  becoming  war-mad  and 
so  unbelievably  atrocious,  I  discovered  what  ap- 
peared to  me  to  be  the  explanation  or  explanations 
of  this  unusual  phenomenon;  and  I  have,  in  this  lit- 
tle work,  tried  to  tell  the  story  just  as  it  has  un- 
folded itself  to  my  mind. 

In  connection  with  numerous  public  addresses, 
I  have  found  that  this  presentation  of  the  subject 
seemed  to  be  a  great  help  to  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands of  my  fellow-citizens,  and  I  came  to  the  con- 


viii  Preface 

elusion  that  it  was  my  duty  to  prepare  the  address 
for  publication.  In  doing  so,  I  have  no  other 
thought  than  that  it  shall  help  my  fellow-Ameri- 
cans better  to  understand  the  present  conflict  and, 
therefore,  better  to  do  their  duty  as  American  citi- 
zens in  this  trying  hour.  I  hope  the  American 
people  can  fight  this  war  from  principle,  with 
patriotic  determination,  and  without  engendering 
that  lamentable  race  hatred  and  love  of  bloodshed 
and  rejoicing  in  the  suffering  of  one's  enemies 
which  so  unfortunately  characterizes  our  strong 
and  wicked  foe.  If  my  efforts  can  contribute  some- 
thing to  these  objects,  I  shall  be  gladdened  and 
gratified. 

In  preparing  this  little  volume  I  have  consulted 
many  writings  and  authorities,  too  numerous  to 
cite  either  here  or  in  the  text,  but  I  am  especially 
indebted  to  such  works  as  Men  of  the  Old  Stone 
Age,  by  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn;  The  Passing 
of  the  Great  Race,  by  Madison  Grant;  Gems  of 
German  Thought,  by  William  Archer;  Out  of 
Their  Ozvn  Mouths,  by  William  Roscoe  Thayer; 
not  to  mention  numerous  magazine  articles,  news- 
papers, and  the  current  literature  of  the  day. 
While  credit  Is  given  In  the  text  for  direct  quota- 
tions, I  felt  this  special  acknowledgment  was  due 
to  the  above-mentioned  authorities  for  the  great 


Preface  ix 


help  they  have  afforded  me  in  formulating  the 
ideas  of  this  work  and  in  reaching  the  conclusions 
herein  expressed. 

My  sincere  desire  —  my  most  earnest  hope  —  is 
that  a  perusal  of  this  volume  will  promote  intel- 
ligent patriotism,  and,  after  all,  it  is  the  element 
of  intelligent  understanding  that  makes  patriotism 
the  more  determined,  persistent,  and  all-consum- 
ing. I  am  particularly  anxious  that  those  who  may 
chance  to  read  this  little  book  will  do  all  in  their 
power  to  put  it  in  the  hands  of  our  boys  at  the 
front,  that  they  may  better  know  why  America  is 
in  the  war  and  why  they  have  been  called  upon  to 
risk  their  lives  in  defense  of  American  homes  and 
democratic  institutions. 
Jan.  /,  1918. 

William  S.  Sadler,  M.D. 

32  N.  State  Street,  Chicago. 


CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

I     What's  the  Matter  with  Germany?     .     .  i 

II     Why  Is  America  in  the  War?     ...  4 

III  The  Prehistoric  Heidelberg  Race       .     .  7 

IV  The  Early  Neanderthal  Race     ....  12 
V     The  Ancient  Cro-Magnon  Race     ...  20 

VI     First  Appearance  of   the  Alpine  Round 

Heads 27 

VII     Descendants  of  the  Great  European  Races  32 
VIII     "  Long-Head  "  and  "  Round-Head  "  Race 

Competition       37 

IX     Long  Heads  and  Round   Heads  in  the 

German  Empire 45 

X     The  Thirty  Years'  War  and  the  Revolu- 
tion  of    1848 51 

XI     The  Delusion  of  the  "  Melting  Pot "     .  63 
XII     Nordic  Egotism  Joined  to  Alpine  Stupid- 
ity    69 

XIII  The  German  Educational  System      .     .  75 

XIV  Prussianized  Germany 83 

XV     The  Kaiser's  Dream  of  World  Power     .  89 

XVI     Prussian  Contempt  for  International  Law  94 


Xll 


Contents 


CHAPTER 

XVII 

XVIII 
XIX 

XX 
XXI 

XXII 
XXIII 
XXIV 


PAGE 

"Might   Is  Right"— The   Law  of  the 

Jungle 99 

The  German  "  Superman  "         ....     io8 
Germany  a  Menace  to  the  World's  Peace 

and  Prosperity        115 

Germany  a  Menace  to  Science  and  Art     .     123 
Germany  a  Menace  to  the  World's  Reli- 
gion and  Morals 130 

Germany  a  Menace  to  American  Security     135 
Germany  a  Menace  to  Civilization     .     .     144 
The  Indictment  of  Germany,  or  Twenty- 
five  Reasons  Why  We  Must  Win  the 
War 152 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

The  Neanderthal  Man 14 

The  Cro-Magnon  Man 22 

Field  Marshal  von  Hindenburg 56 

General  von  LudendorfE 120 


Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 


CHAPTER  I 

what's  the  matter  with  GERMANY? 

IN  a  general  way,  I  believe  the  American  people 
are  waking  up  to  a  realization  of  the  underly- 
ing causes  of  the  present  world-war,  and  that  they 
are  also  beginning  more  fully  to  appreciate  some 
of  the  fundamental  reasons  for  our  participation 
in  this  gigantic  struggle.  Notwithstanding  our 
gradual  awakening  on  these  points  as  a  nation,  I 
am  persuaded  that  there  are  some  vitally  im- 
portant features  connected  with  the  present  inter- 
national upheaval  which  are  as  yet  quite  unrecog- 
nized by  the  average  American  citizen. 

IS    CIVILIZATION   A    FAILURE? 

So  many  times  since  the  beginning  of  this  great 
war,  both  in  private  and  in  connection  with  my 
public  addresses,  I  have  been  asked  such  questions 
as  these: 

"  How  could  the  German  people  ever  become  so 
cruel  as  to  commit  these  horrible  atrocities?" 

1 


2  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

"  What  has  happened  to  the  Saxon  and  Teutonic 
chivalry  which  we  read  of  in  the  days '  when  knight- 
hood was  In  flower?' " 

"  How  could  the  most  literate  and  the  best  edu- 
cated nation  In  the  world  descend  to  such  levels 
of  barbarism?" 

"  Is  this  wild  dream  of  world  dominion  enter- 
tained alone  by  the  Kaiser,  or  do  the  whole  Ger- 
man people  share  his  vision  and  views?" 

"How  could  such  a  highly  organized,  efl^clent, 
and  Industrious  people  so  suddenly  descend  to 
such  Infamous  depths  of  cruelty?" 

"  How  could  a  race  of  people  having  the  highest 
percentage  of  literacy  In  the  world,  and  possessing 
the  most  efiiclently  administered  civil  government 
from  the  standpoint  of  municipal  administration, 
and  having  had  In  operation  for  many  years  a 
system  of  paternal  socialism  which  was  the  most 
successful  experiment  of  Its  kind,  how  could  such 
a  nation  suddenly  descend  to  the  place  where  It 
would  throw  overboard  all  International  ethics  and 
adopt  the  present  brutal  practices  of  submarine 
morals?" 

"  How  could  Germany  turn  Its  back  upon  Its 
treaties  and  everything  that  civilized  nations  hold 
to  be  sacred  and  obligatory?  How  could  Ger- 
many brush  these  things  all  aside  and  adopt  such 


What's  the  Matter  zvitJi  Germany?        3 

policies    of   national    ruthlessness    and    frightful- 
ness?  " 

HAS    CHRISTIANITY    BROKEN    DOWN? 

And  still  other  questions  like  these : 

"Has  the  German  race  repudiated  the  philoso- 
phy of  the  Christian  religion?" 

"Is  the  European  white  race  going  to  commit 
suicide  on  the  battle-fields  of  Europe?" 

"Are  the  ethics  of  so-called  Christian  civiliza- 
tion an  International  failure?" 

I  have  turned  these  questions  over  and  over  in 
my  mind.  I  have  tried  to  find  the  honest  answer 
to  these  queries  —  have  examined  the  subject  from 
a  political,  ethical,  biological,  and  from  an  eth- 
nological standpoint.  While  here  and  there  I 
found  light,  it  was  not  until  I  got  into  the  an- 
thropology of  the  Germanic  peoples  that  real 
progress  was  made  —  when  I  began  to  trace  the 
present  Inhabitants  of  German  territory  back  to 
the  Cave  Man  of  the  Old  Stone  Age.  When  we 
reach  Into  the  bowels  of  the  earth  and  begin  to 
study  the  very  distant  origin  —  not  of  the  Germans 
—  but  of  the  people  who  live  In  Germany  and  who 
are  fighting  this  world-war,  then  we  begin  to  find 
the  real  answer  to  our  many  questions  as  to  what 
ails  the  so-called  German  nation  of  today. 


CHAPTER  II 

WHY  IS  AMERICA   IN   THE   WAR? 

WHEN,  after  almost  three  years  of  world 
conflict,  and  after  having  endured  almost 
every  Insult,  Indignity,  and  Intrigue  that  a  sov- 
ereign people  could  have  had  heaped  upon  them; 
and  after  we  had  striven  patiently  for  peace  In 
the  presence  of  great  and  repeated  provocation, 
and  when,  after  a  succession  of  fresh  atrocities  and 
Intrigue  right  In  our  own  midst,  yes,  even  after 
electing  a  president  on  a  peace  platform — "He 
Kept  Us  Out  of  War '' —  even  after  all  of  this  for- 
bearance, finally  the  last  straw  was  laid  on  the 
camel's  back,  so  that  on  April  6,  19 17,  the  crisis 
came  and  the  American  Republic,  In  my  opinion, 
did  Itself  everlasting  credit  by  finally  declaring  war 
on  Germany. 

This  stand  having  finally  been  taken  by  our  na- 
tion, I  began  to  recrystallize  In  my  mind  some  of 
the  questions  that  had  so  forcefully  borne  them- 
selves In  upon  my  consciousness  for  several  years: 
I  began  to  ask  myself  anew  the  foregoing  ques- 
tions, and  the  purpose  of  this  effort  is  to  place 
before  my  fellow-American  citizens  the  results  of 

4 


Why  Is  America  in  the  Warf 


my  research  Into  the  causes,  purposes,  objects, 
and  aims  of  this  unparalleled  International  strug- 
gle and  explicitly  state  not  only  my  views  as  to  why 
we  are  In  this  war,  but  also  to  make  It  clear  and 
plain  why  we  must  win  this  war. 

In  all  my  comments  on  German  Kultur  and  the 
spirit  and  methods  of  the  German  people,  I  would 
have  the  reader  bear  In  mind  that  I  speak  from 
personal  experience  —  from  first-hand  contact 
with  the  German  people  in  Germany  and  Austria, 
where  I  lived  among  these  people  and  mingled 
with  them  as  a  student  and  observer. 

In  sentiment  I  have  always  been  a  strong 
pacifist.  In  belief  and  feeling  I  have  been  strong- 
ly opposed  to  war,  and  In  sentiment  I  have  been 
strongly  sympathetic  with  Germany  and  the  Ger- 
mans, having  gone  there  for  study,  and  this  I 
mention  merely  to  Indicate  that  I  entered  upon 
my  search  for  the  answer  to  "  What's  the  matter 
with  Germany?"  with  an  unprejudiced  view- 
point, and  with  a  mind  altogether  friendly  In  Its 
disposition  toward  the  German  people  as  a  whole. 

AN    UNUSUAL   WAR A   WORLD- WAR 

The  reasons  for  this  war  are  so  many  and  so 
complicated  and  so  interrelated,  that  I  am  not  sur- 
prised that  the  average  citizen  finds  more  or  less 


6  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

difficulty  in  formulating  his  position  and  beliefs. 
Especially  must  we  recognize  that  this  is  true  of 
many  of  our  foreign  born  and  foreign  related 
citizens. 

Why,  my  own  wife,  herself  a  physician,  asked 
me  only  a  few  days  after  our  country  declared  war, 
just  why  we  had  gone  Into  the  fight  after  having 
stayed  out  of  the  struggle  for  more  than  two  years. 
And  when  I  sought  for  a  concrete  answer  to  my 
wife's  question  I  found,  to  my  dismay  and  chagrin, 
that  I  did  not  have  my  own  National  Conscious- 
ness on  this  particular  point  very  well  formulated 
or  focused.  Of  course,  I  could  have  answered  her 
right  off — the  Lusltania,  Belgium,  Submarines, 
etc. ;  but  I  well  knew  that  was  not  the  whole  truth 
of  the  matter,  and  so  I  have  spent  just  six  months 
in  finding  the  answer  to  my  wife's  question  to  the 
satisfaction  of  my  own  mind,  and  it  Is  upon  her 
suggestion  that  I  venture  to  pass  It  on  to  the  public, 
for  the  sake  of  any  of  like  Inquiring  mind,  and  In 
the  hope  that  my  research  may  help  others  to  know 
why  America  Is  In  the  war,  and,  what  Is  of  still 
more  Importance,  why  we  must  win  this  war. 


T 


CHAPTER  III 

THE  PREHISTORIC  HEIDELBERG  RACE 

HIS  war  has  led  me  to  undertake  a  careful 
review  of  the  history  of  European  civiliza- 
tion, of  the  real  origin  and  present  racial  status  of 
the  Germanic  peoples ;  and  I  think  it  will  help  some- 
what to  a  better  understanding  of  the  issues  in- 
volved in  the  present  struggle,  if  we  will  take  the 
time  to  go  back  a  few  thousand  years  and  patiently 
examine  the  migration  paths  connected  with  the 
ebb  and  flow  of  the  tide  of  early  civilization  in  cen- 
tral and  western  Europe. 

It  is  quite  the  unanimous  opinion  of  authorities  ^ 
on  racial  origin  today  that  the  various  prehistoric 
species  of  the  human  family  seem  to  have  come 
forth  out  of  an  Asiatic  cradle  and  from  their  east- 
ern habitats  to  have  emigrated  by  various  routes 
into  Europe.  The  excavations  and  other  studies 
of  prehistoric  man  during  the  last  two  decades 
have  revealed  the  interesting  fact  that  several 


1  In  my  researches  every  available  source  of  Information  and 
every  accessible  authority  has  been  consulted,  too  numerous  to 
cite  in  this  connection ;  but  I  am  especially  indebted  to  the  more 
recent  works  of  Osborn  and  Grant, 

7 


8  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

great  race  struggles  have  ensued  on  the  banks  of 
the  Somme  River  and  the  territory  adjacent  there- 
to, and  it  may  help  us  more  fully  to  appreciate  the 
present  great  struggle  on  the  Somme  River  briefly 
to  review  the  best  modern  opinions  regarding 
these  earlier  world-wars  which,  It  would  seem, 
sometimes  were  fought  to  the  utter  extinction  of 
one  or  the  other  of  the  belligerents. 

The  human  race  has  struggled  up  through  the 
ages,  again  and  again  to  revert  into  savagery  and 
barbarism,  but  withal  after  each  reversion  some 
net  gain  has  been  the  reward  of  the  race  for  the 
suffering  and  struggling  of  our  ancestors;  and  this 
social  evolution  or  development  will  thus  continue 
just  as  long  as  there  is  somewhere  in  the  world 
some  race  of  people  which  possesses  this  capacity 
for  growth  and  ascension  in  the  biologic  scale  of 
life  and  civilization. 

ORIGIN  AND  NATURE  OF  GENIUS 

Commenting  on  this  fact  Grant ^  says:  "The 
impulse  upward,  however,  is  supplied  by  a  very 
small  number  of  nations,  and  by  a  very  small  por- 
tion of  the  population  in  such  nations.  The  sec- 
tion of  any  community  that  produces  leaders  or 


1  T/ie  Passing  of  the  Great  Race.    By  Madison  Grant.    Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  New  York. 


Tlie  Prehistoric  Heidelberg  Race  9 

genius  of  any  sort  is  only  a  minute  percentage.  To 
invent  new  processes,  to  establish  new  principles, 
to  elucidate  and  unravel  the  laws  of  nature,  calls 
for  genius.  To  imitate  or  to  adopt  what  others 
have  Invented  is  not  genius  but  mimicry.  This 
something  which  we  call  '  genius '  is  not  a  matter 
of  family,  but  of  stock  or  strain,  and  is  inherited 
in  precisely  the  same  manner  as  are  the  purely  phys- 
ical characteristics.  It  may  be  latent  through  sev- 
eral generations  of  obscurity,  and  then  flare  up 
when  the  opportunity  comes.  Of  this  we  have 
many  examples  In  America.  This  is  what  educa- 
tion or  opportunity  does  for  a  community;  It 
permits  in  these  rare  cases  fair  play  for  develop- 
ment, but  it  is  race,  always  race,  that  produces 
genius.  This  genius-producing  type  is  slow  breed- 
ing, and  there  is  real  danger  of  its  loss  to 
mankind." 

THE   ''dawn  man'' 

Sometime  away  back  in  the  early  second  inter- 
glacial  period  the  so-called  Heidelberg  race  ap- 
peared in  northern  Germany.  The  typical  bones 
and  skulls  representative  of  this  early  race  were 
unearthed  in  1907  in  a  sand-pit  near  Heidelberg, 
at  a  depth  of  almost  eighty  feet  below  the  surface, 
in  a  layer  of  ancient  river  sands,  representing  the 


10  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

lowest  level  at  which  undoubted  human  remains 
have  as  yet  been  found. 

Ethnic  authorities  estimate  that  the  Heidelberg 
man  roamed  the  plains  of  northern  Germany 
about  150,000  or  200,000  years  ago.  This  primi- 
tive man  has  left  little  behind  indicative  of  his 
early  Industry  and  civilization.  Whether  he  was 
partially  or  wholly  destroyed  by  the  rigorous  cli- 
mate associated  with  the  return  of  the  glaciers  or 
overwhelmed  by  some  stronger  race  which  later 
appeared  on  the  scene.  It  Is  difficult  to  say,  but  it 
would  seem  that  this  race  must  have  perished 
somewhere  near  the  present  battle-fields  of  the 
great  world  struggle  of  today. 

To  either  his  survivors  or  his  conquerors  we 
owe  the  slowly  rising  civilization  of  the  so-called 
"Dawn  Man"  which  extended  down  through  the 
third  glaclatlon  and  the  third  interglaclal  period  of 
a  warm  and  favorable  climate. 

Geologists  estimate  that  this  third  glaclatlon 
began  about  150,000  years  ago;  that  the  time 
spent  by  the  glacier  In  advancing  and  retreating 
was  about  twenty  or  twenty-five  thousand  years, 
and  it  was  probably  at  the  end  of  this  third  glacla- 
tlon, or  about  the  time  of  the  beginning  of  the 
glacial  retirement  (that  Is  about  125,000  years 
ago),  that  prehistoric  civilization  really  had  Its 


The  Prehistoric  Heidelberg  Race         11 

beginning  In  western  Europe,  and  It  was  during 
this  time  that  the  early  flInt-workIng  races  first 
appear  In  Europe. 

FLINT  WORKS  ON  THE   SOMME 

It  may  Interest  the  reader  to  know  that  the 
evolution  of  the  flint  from  Its  earliest  and  most 
primitive  form  up  to  the  later  higher  grade  of 
workmanship  took  place  largely  In  the  valley  of 
the  Somme,  which  today  Is  witnessing  the  most 
recent  and  highest  modern  evolutions  In  combative 
Implements  of  modern  warfare;  and  It  Is  believed 
by  the  best  authorities  that  the  river  system  In 
Europe  during  this  third  Interglaclal  period  was 
very  much  the  same  as  may  be  found  at  the  pres- 
ent date.  It  Is  believed  that  both  the  Somme  and 
the  Marne  flowed  about  as  they  flow  at  the  present 
time,  and  the  history  of  the  civilization  of  this 
early  period  Is  best  depicted  In  the  bones  and  flints 
and  other  evidences  which  are  found  on  the  banks 
of  the  Somme  River  and  which  are  burled  In  the 
sands  of  Its  valley.  This  region  was  one  of  the 
chief  centers  of  the  civilization  of  this  early  pre- 
historic period. 


s 


CHAPTER  IV 

THE  EARLY   NEANDERTHAL  RACE 

OMEWHERE  along  toward  the  close  of  the 
third  interglaclal  period  there  developed,  In 
Europe,  or  else  migrated  from  the  east,  a  new 
and  still  higher  race  of  human  beings,  the  ancient 
Neanderthals,  and  while  the  rigors  of  the  fourth 
glaclatlon  seem  to  have  driven  out  or  exterminated 
all  other  human  species  In  this  region,  the  Nean- 
derthal man  survived  even  the  trials  of  this  great 
glacial  period  which  has  been  generally  estimated 
by  geologists  to  have  reached  its  maximum  level 
thirty  or  forty  thousand  years  ago. 

THE  ''cave  man*' 

The  Neanderthals  are  the  people  who,  during 
the  colder  climate  associated  with  the  glacier, 
learned  to  live  in  caves.  They  are  the  original 
*'  Cave  Men."  They  became  the  great  hunters  of 
prehistoric  times  and  are  probably  the  first  suc- 
cessfully to  chase  and  capture  the  reindeer  and  to 
use  It  for  both  clothing  and  food.  These  are  the 
days  of  the  early  "  cave  man,"  the  days  when  both 
bison  and  wild  horses  were  numerous. 

12 


The  Early  Neanderthal  Race  13 

The  prehistoric  record  of  these  days  is  not  alto- 
gether clear  as  to  whether  the  Neanderthals  van- 
quished in  battle  their  predecessors  or  whether 
they  were  destroyed  or  driven  out  by  the  rigors  of 
the  glaciers ;  at  any  rate,  the  Neander]:hals  certainly 
represent  the  "  survival  of  the  fittest,"  the  most 
rugged  human  type  to  be  found  in  Europe  at  that 
time.  This  fourth  glacier  was  probably  not  so 
extensive  and  severe  as  the  two  which  preceded  it, 
and  sufficient  animal  life  probably  remained  in 
Europe  to  sustain  this  interesting  race  during  this 
long  period  of  unfavorable  climate. 

The  Neanderthals  must  have  been  a  brave  and 
hardy  people,  for  they  attacked  the  largest  ani- 
mals in  the  chase,  such  as  bison,  wild  cattle,  and 
horses,  not  to  speak  of  the  reindeer.  While  they 
worked  in  the  open,  and  hunted  in  the  open,  they 
made  their  permanent  abode  in  caves. 

THE   NEANDERTHAL    PHYSICAL   TYPE 

The  typical  Neanderthal  skeletons  were  first 
found  In  1887  '^^  ^  grotto  near  Spy  on  the  River 
Meuse.  The  Neanderthal  skull  type  has  a  promi- 
nent superorbital  ridge,  a  receding  forehead,  and 
a  narrow  or  dolichocephalic  skull.  Thus,  through 
a  succession  of  discoveries  extending  from  1848 
down  to  the  present  time,  the  Identity  of  the  Nean- 


14  I.ou(]  Heads  and  Roinid  Heads 

derthal  race  has  been  gradually  .established,  and 
we  now  know  that  they  extended  all  over  Europe 
during  and  following  the  fourth  glaciation  and 
that  they  were  probably  the  first  race  to  show 
reverence  for^  the  dead,  to  practice  ceremonial 
burial,  and  that  they  probably  entertained  some 
belief  in  a  future  existence.  In  other  words,  they 
had  developed  some  sort  of  a  primitive  religion. 

The  Neanderthal  man  had  a  brain  capacity  not 
quite  up  to  the  average  of  the  civilized  man  of 
today.  He  was  a  short,  stocky,  little  fellow,  and 
bears  every  evidence  of  being  a  ground  dweller 
and  not  a  tree  dweller;  that  Is,  he  is  not  directly 
related  to  the  anthropoid  apes.  The  flint  industry 
of  their  predecessors  was  carried  on.  While  it 
declined  In  some  respects,  it  was  Improved  in 
others.  Perhaps  their  cave  life  was  not  in  many 
ways  conducive  to  the  highest  degree  of  their 
industrial  training  and  development. 

To  use  Madison  Grant's  description:  "Nean- 
derthal man  was  a  purely  meat-eating  hunter,  liv- 
ing in  caves,  or  rather  in  their  entrances.  He  was 
dolichocephalic  and  not  unlike  existing  Australoids, 
although  not  necessarily  of  black  skin,  and  was, 
of  course,  in  no  sense  a  negro.  Along  with  other 
ancient  and  primitive  racial  elements,  ferocious, 
gorilla-like  living  specimens  of  the  Neanderthal 


THE  NEANDERTHAL  MAN=^ 

This  picture  of  the  Neanderthal  man  is  from  a  model  by 
J.  H.  McGregor.  The  Neanderthals  were  the  original  "  Cave 
]\Ien,"  the  mighty  hunters  of  prehistoric  times.  Human  in- 
telligence and  idealism  practically  began  with  this  race. 

*Fro)n  "Men  of  tlic  Old  Stone  Age,"  by  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn. 
Copyright,  1915,  by  Charles  Scribne/s  Sons.  By  permission  of  the 
Publishers. 


TJie  Early  Neanderthal  Race  15 

man  are  found  not  infrequently  on  the  west  coast 
of  Ireland,  and  are  easily  recognized  by  the  great 
upper  lip,  bridgeless  nose,  beetling  brow  and  low- 
growing  hair,  and  wild  and  savage  aspect.  The 
proportions  of  the  skull  which  give  rise  to  this 
large  upper  lip,  the  low  forehead,  and  the  superor- 
bital  ridges  are  clearly  Neanderthal  characteris- 
tics. The  other  traits  of  this  Irish  type  are  com- 
mon to  many  primitive  races.  This  is  the  Irish- 
man of  caricature,  and  the  type  was  very  frequent 
in  America  when  the  first  Irish  immigrants  came 
in  1846  and  the  following  years.  It  seems,  how- 
:ever,  to  have  almost  disappeared  In  this  country."  ^ 

PREHISTORIC  MUNITION  PLANTS 

It  is  during  this  period  that  the  first  flint  sta- 
tions were  established.  The  flint  working  of  this 
and  later  eras  shows  a  great  range  of  evolution 
from  the  most  crude  types  up  to  the  more  finished 
products  of  skilled  workmanship.  These  various 
river  stations,  it  would  seem,  were  sort  of  muni- 
tion plants,  probably  places  for  the  study  of  the 
art  of  flint  making  as  well  as  for  the  manufacture 
of  large  quantities  of  these  flints  for  use  In  both 
the  hunt  and  in  the  operations  of  warfare.  These 
ancient  prehistoric  munition  centers  seem  to  be 

1  The  Passing  of  the  Great  Race. 


16  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

confined  to  Spain,  western  and  northern  France, 
Belgium,  and  Great  Britain.  The  absence  of 
flint-manufacturing  stations  in  Germany  suggests 
that  the  race  of  this  period  possibly  entered  west- 
ern Europe  along  either  the  northern  or  south- 
ern shores  of  the  Mediterranean. 

These  people  were  probably  the  first  human 
beings  to  use  tools  and  to  manufacture  implements 
of  warfare,  and  there  can  be  but  little  question 
that  they  were  first  largely  used  in  the  battles 
which  these  remote  predecessors  of  the  present 
human  race  fought  with  their  fellows  on  the  banks 
of  the  Somme. 

Probably  the  greatest  flint-making  station  of 
this  epoch,  which  was  operated  from  the  dawn 
of  the  Old  Stone  Age  to  its  very  close,  was  that 
found  at  Aschuel  on  the  River  Somme,  where  there 
can  be  traced  seven  or  eight  different  types  of 
implements.  The  civilization  of  this  period  also 
extended  eastward  to  the  valley  of  the  Rhine, 
where  a  few  flint-working  stations  are  also  to  be 
found. 

As  the  climatic  conditions  were  fairly  favorable, 
It  being  an  Interglacial  period,  In  only  one  or  two 
cases  throughout  this  long  flint-working  epoch  do 
we  find  that  these  early  flint  workers  carried  on 
their  operations  In  caves  or  grottoes. 


The  Early  Neanderthal  Race  17 

THE  PASSING  OF  THE  NEANDERTHALS 

While  ethnic  authorities  may  differ  to  some 
extent,  there  seems  to  be  considerable  ground  for 
believing  that  this  great  Neanderthal  race,  which 
overran  all  of  western  Europe,  came  suddenly  to 
an  end,  that  it  was  completely  annihilated.  They 
seem  to  have  been  suddenly,  completely,  and  uni- 
versally replaced  by  another  and  vastly  superior 
race  about  25,000  years  ago.  It  is  a  question  if 
even  a  trace  of  this  ancient  race  was  left  living  on 
the  face  of  the  earth,  unless  in  the  case  of  certain 
types  previously  mentioned  as  being  found  in 
Ireland  and  possibly  Scotland. 

The  rigors  of  the  glacial  climate  drove  them  to 
the  cave,  and  It  Is  probable  that  this  cave  life  con- 
tributed to  both  their  physical  and  industrial  de- 
terioration. 

And  again,  It  seems  Interesting  to  know  that 
the  first  evidence  of  contact  between  these  disap- 
pearing Neanderthals  and  the  newly  arriving 
higher  and  superior  race  occurred  once  more  in 
the  valley  of  the  Somme.  There  is  every  reason 
to  believe  that  a  racial  struggle  on  a  vast  scale 
took  place,  beginning  In  the  region  of  the  River 
Somme  and  extending  from  station  to  station  until 
the  Neanderthals  were  finally  destroyed. 


18  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

The  Neanderthals  evidently  carried  on  a  brave 
struggle  with  the  newly  appearing  and  conquering 
race  (the  Cro-Magnons).  They  fought  with 
wooden  weapons  and  stone-headed  darts  and 
probably  also  with  spears,  while  there  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  the  new  and  conquering  Cro- 
Magnons  probably  made  use  of  the  bow  and  arrow, 
and  that  this  new  military  weapon  was  first  used 
on  a  large  scale  in  one  of  the  early  battles  of  the 
Somme.  It  is  even  possible  that  they  used  barbed 
arrows,  for  some  have  been  found  in  the  drawings 
of  this  early  period.  Thus,  with  these  new  weapons 
and  with  their  superior  intelligence  and  physique, 
the  Cro-Magnons  in  a  short  time  became  masters 
of  all  western  Europe  and  were  able  to  effect  the 
utter  extinction  of  the  Neanderthal  peoples. 

And  so  we  trace  the  interesting  experience  of 
a  race,  lower  in  the  scale  of  life  than  any  existing 
human  type,  being  almost  Immediately  replaced 
by  a  race  which  would  even  today  rank  high  among 
the  existing  types  of  civilization  both  physically 
and  intellectually. 

The  history  of  this  race  comes  down  very  nearly 
to  the  dawn  of  historic  times,  for  these  Cro-Mag- 
nons, the  conquerors  of  the  Neanderthal  peoples, 
undoubtedly  belonged  to  the  same  species  as  the 
human  races  of  the  present  day. 


The  Early  Neanderthal  Race  19 

PALEOLITHIC  MAN 

The  reader  should  bear  In  mind  that  the  Heidel- 
berg man,  together  with  the  Neanderthal  man 
considered  in  this  chapter,  and  the  Cro-Magnon 
man  to  be  discussed  in  the  next  chapter,  represent 
the  three  outstanding  and  dominant  human  races 
to  be  found  in  Europe  throughout  all  Paleolithic 
times.  Undoubtedly,  other  races  were  present  in 
at  least  some  parts  of  Europe,  but  they  left  little 
or  no  traces  of  their  existence. 

In  lower  Paleolithic  times  Europe  was  domi- 
nated by  the  Heidelberg  man,  or  by  a  race  of 
beings  descended  from  the  Heidelberg  people.  In 
middle  Paleolithic  times  the  Neanderthals  held 
sway;  while  during  the  upper  Paleolithic  times  the 
famous  Cro-Magnons  occupied  the  center  of  the 
European  ethnic  stage. 


w 


CHAPTER  V 

THE  ANCIENT  CRO-MAGNON  RACE 

E  ARE  now  well  Into  the  Immediate  pre- 
history era  (Upper  Paleolithic)  of  Europe, 
in  that  period  of  time  which  classes  geologically 
with  the  close  of  the  fourth  glaciatlon  or  about 
25,000  years  ago.  There  is  every  reason  to 
believe  that  the  Cro-Magnons  entered  Europe 
through  Phoenicia  along  the  southern  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean  Into  Spain,  perhaps  also  along  the 
northern  coast  Into  Italy. 

Their  physical  structure  Is  Asiatic  In  type,  not 
African.  Thus  the  Cro-Magnon  of  prehistoric 
times  passed  over  the  very  same  Mediterranean 
pathway  to  Europe  that  the  dark-haired,  long- 
headed Mediterranean  race  of  historic  times  later 
traversed. 

CRO-MAGNON  CHARACTERISTICS 

The  Cro-Magnons,  like  the  Neanderthals,  prac- 
ticed careful  and  ceremonial  burial  of  the  dead  In 
the  grottoes,  also  placing  with  them  certain  imple- 
ments  of   Industry   and   warfare,    together   with 

offerings  of  food,  etc. 

20 


The  Ancient  Cro-Magnon  Race         21 

It  is  the  practice  of  many  barbarous  tribes,  while 
destroying  all  of  the  male  captives  of  the  van- 
quished race,  to  spare  many  of  the  females  and 
take- them  into  their  own  camps,  but  there  seems 
to  be  no  evidence  of  such  a  practice  on  the  part 
of  the  Cro-Magnons.  They  seem  to  have  anni- 
hilated the  women  along  with  the  men.  There 
appears  no  subsequent  evidence  of  the  crossing  of 
the  two  races. 

The  Cro-Magnon  had,  In  almost  every  respect, 
a  modern  human  brain.  The  size  of  the  Cro- 
Magnon's  brain  was  even  a  little  larger  than 
the  average  civilized  brain  of  today.  No  trace 
of  artistic  instinct  Is  to  be  found  In  any  of  these 
European  races  until  the  arrival  of  the  Cro- 
Magnons,  who  Immediately  began  to  produce 
more  artistic  Implements,  to  show  artistic  instinct 
in  painting,  drawing,  carving,  sculpture,  and  In 
general  to  give  the  Investigator  the  Impression 
that  In  point  of  capacity  their  brain  was  quite 
equal  to  that  of  any  of  the  modern  human  races. 

The  typical  skulls  of  this  race  were  first  dis- 
covered In  Cro-Magnon  In  1868.  The  brain 
capacity  of  the  Cro-Magnon  female  skull  was 
even  greater  than  that  of  the  average  male  of 
today.  Their  average  height  seems  to  have  been 
a  trifle  over  six  feet. 


22  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

A  RACE  OF  ARTISANS  AND  ARTISTS 

It  was  the  Cro-Magnon  artists  who  painted  the 
wonderful  pictures  that  are  now.  to  be  found  on 
the  walls  of  the  many  caves  and  grottoes  In  central 
and  western  Europe.  During  these  thousands  of 
years,  the  coloring  has  been  preserved  In  these 
sealed-up  caverns  of  the  earth,  so  that  we  have 
not  only  the  tools  and  Implements  of  this  Inter- 
esting people  but  we  have  their  actual  paintings 
preserved  on  the  walls  of  the  grottoes. 

It  should  also  be  noted  that  these  Cro-Magnons 
possessed  the  long-headed  or  dolichocephalic  type 
of  skull,  although  they  possessed  a  characteris- 
tically broad  face. 

In  their  later  experience  the  Cro-Magnons 
were  undoubtedly  In  competition  with  the  Pred- 
most  race  of  central  and  eastern  Europe,  a  race 
probably  coming  directly  from  Asia  up  through 
Hungary  and  along  the  Danube.  The  Cro- 
Magnons  were  never  entirely  destroyed  and  have 
left  their  descendants  In  various  colonies  through- 
out western  Europe. 

The  Cro-Magnons  were  the  first  to  develop  the 
harpoon  and  thus  to  be  able  to  catch  large  fish 
which  were  so  abundant  In  the  waters  about  the 
European  shores.     About  this  time  there  seems 


THE  CRO-MAGNON  MAN* 

From  a  model  by  J.  H.  McGregor.  The  Cro-Magnon  man 
marks  the  time  when  man's  intellect  began  to  assume  domina- 
tion over  his  brute  instincts.  With  the  Cro-Magnon  man 
came  the  beginnings  of  art.  They  were  a  race  of  "  long-heads." 


*Froin  "Men  of  the  Old  Stone  Age,"  by  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn. 
Copyright,  1915,  by  Charles  Scrihner's  Sons.  By  permission  of  the 
Publishers. 


The  Ancient  Cro-Magnon  Race         23 

to  have  occurred  a  great  decrease  In  the  flint  indus- 
try and  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  develop- 
ment of  bone  industry.  Bone  needles  containing 
beautifully  formed  eyes  are  found  in  abundance 
at  this  time.  It  is  quite  certain  that  at  the  height 
of  their  power  the  Cro-Magnons  dominated  all 
Europe,  including  the  British  Isles. 

civilization's  first  setback 

From  the  findings  of  the  remotest  prehistoric 
times  the  march  of  civilization  and  the  develop- 
ment of  primitive  industry  seem  to  have  ever 
been  upward.  Each  succeeding  race  was  in  some 
respects  superior  to  the  one  that  went  down  before 
it  —  each  civilization  was  an  improvement  on  the 
one  that  preceded.  But  with  the  passing  of  the 
Cro-Magnons  the  progress  of  the  arts  and  indus- 
tries met  with  a  definite  and  decided  setback. 
The  peoples  which  immediately  succeeded  the  Cro- 
Magnons  were  in  almost  every  respect  of  an  infe- 
rior order.  The  setback  to  the  heretofore  pro- 
gressive development  of  European  civilization 
occured  not  a  great  while  before  the  early  dawn 
of  historic  times. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the  race  which 
dominated  all  Europe  about  25,000  years  ago  was 


24  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

considerably  taller  and  had  a  larger  skull  —  larger 
brain  —  than  the  average  of  the  present  European 
peoples.  Touching  this  point,  Grant,  In  his  recent 
book,  says:  "The  low  cranial  average  of  existing 
populations  In  Europe  can  be  best  explained  by  the 
presence  of  large  numbers  of  Individuals  of  Infe- 
rior mentality.  These  defectives  have  been  care- 
fully preserved  by  modern  charity,  whereas  In  the 
savage  state  of  society  the  backward  members 
are  allowed  to  perish  and  the  race  is  carried  on 
by  the  vigorous  and  not  by  the  weaklings.  The 
high  brain  capacity  of  the  Cro-Magnons  is  paral- 
leled by  that  of  the  ancient  Greeks,  who  in  a 
single  century  gave  to  the  world  out  of  their  small 
population  very  much  more  genius  than  all  the 
other  races  of  mankind  have  since  succeeded  In 
producing  In  a  similar  length  of  time.  All  his- 
torians are  familiar  with  the  phenomenon  of  a 
rise  and  decline  In  civilization  such  as  has  occurred 
time  and  again  In  the  history  of  the  world,  but  we 
have  here  In  the  disappearance  of  the  Cro-Magnon 
race  the  earliest  example  of  the  replacement 
of  a  very  superior  race  by  an  inferior  one.  There 
Is  great  danger  of  a  similar  replacement  of  a 
higher  by  a  lower  type  here  In  America,  unless  the 
native  American  uses  his  superior  Intelligence  to 
protect  himself  and  his  children  from  competition 


TJie  Ancient  Cro-Magnon  Race         25 

with  intrusive  peoples  drained  from  the  lowest 
races  of  eastern  Europe  and  western  Asia." 

THE  BATTLE  GROUND  OF  THE   RACES 

We  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  various 
types  of  mankind  which  have  inhabited  western 
Europe  migrated  thither  from  eastern  Europe 
and  Asia,  that  here  was  the  racial  jumping- 
off  place  of  the  continent,  the  place  where  the 
streams  flowing  westward  from  the  north  and  east 
and  westward  from  the  south  and  east  were  forced 
to  come  together  —  to  commingle  —  and  this  is, 
in  part,  the  explanation  of  why  western  Europe 
has  been  all  through  the  ages  the  battle  ground 
of  the  races.  It  was  the  converging  terminal 
point  of  western  migration  which  geographically 
enforced  race  contact. 

During  Cro-Magnon  times  Ireland  was  prob- 
ably connected  with  Great  Britain,  the  British  Isles 
were  united  with  each  other,  and  the  continent; 
the  Baltic  Sea  was  a  great  fresh-water  lake,  the 
old  shores  being  traceable  even  now.  The  mod- 
erated climate  due  to  the  glacial  retreat  enabled 
the  Cro-Magnons  to  live  more  of  an  out-of-door 
life  and  this  undoubtedly  contributed  much  to  their 
physical  stamina  and  mental  vigor,  and  while  they 
continued  to  frequent  the  caves,  there  is  every 


26  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

evidence  of  a  return  to  open-air  work  in  the  flint 
and  other  industries. 

It  would  seem  in  later  Cro-Magnon  days  that 
the  races  occupying  eastern  Europe,  and  having 
less  artistic  natures,  spread  out  in  a  westerly 
migration  and  led  to  considerable  deterioration  in 
both  their  industrial  and  artistic  practices. 

The  skull  type  of  this  new  eastern  race  seems 
more  nearly  to  approach  that  of  the  older  Nean- 
derthals. In  fact,  some  have  thought  that  this 
race  was  ancestral  to  some  of  the  narrow-headed 
groups  which  are  now  found  in  the  region  of  the 
Danube  and  middle  and  southern  Germany.  If 
so,  there  is  an  exact  revival  today  of  the  struggle 
in  ancient  times  between  the  efficient  industrial  and 
agricultural  workers  of  middle  Europe  and  their 
more  artistic  and  intellectual  contemporaries  of 
western  Europe.  The  Cro-Magnons  probably 
attained  their  highest  artistic  culture  and  their  time 
of  greatest  power  in  Europe  about  15,000  B.C. 


CHAPTER  VI 

FIRST  APPEARANCE  OF  THE  ALPINE  ROUND  HEADS 

THE  more  recent  Alpine  race  not  only  has  a 
broad  face,  something  after  the  pattern  of 
the  Cro-Magnons,  but  also  has  a  broad  head. 
They  are  round-headed  or  brachycephallc.  For  a 
long  time  the  Cro-Magnon  and  Alpine  races  prob- 
ably competed  In  central-western  Europe.  Later 
the  Teutonic  Invasion  from  the  north  Injected  a 
new  element  Into  the  struggle.  The  Cro-Magnon 
type  of  head  Is  almost  identical  with  that  of  the 
present-day  living  Berbers. 

ALPINE  CHARACTERISTICS 

We  have  now  reached  a  time  In  the  history  of 
the  world  about  7,000  years  before  our  present 
historic  era,  and  about  this  time  a  great  revolution 
in  culture  and  Industry  occurred.  The  artistic 
spirit  almost  entirely  disappeared,  and  of  the  bone 
implements  and  allied  industries  only  the  harpoons 
and  polishers  remained  and  they  are  of  very  infe- 
rior types.  This  Is  the  final  stage  of  the  cave 
period  in  western  Europe  and  the  people  have 
largely  given  up  the  chase  and  hunt  and  are  almost 

27 


28  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

wholly  devoted  to  fishing.  It  is  about  this  time 
that  the  great  Alpine  (broad-headed)  invasion 
began,  the  broad  faces  in  previous  times  in  Eu- 
rope having  been  of  the  long-headed  type.  The 
modern  descendants  of  these  ancient  broad- 
headed  invaders  are  to  be  found  among  the  pres- 
ent Alpine  and  Celtic  races  of  Europe  and  the 
British  Isles. 

The  best  authorities  are  of  the  opinion  that  the 
Cro-Magnons  were  blondes  —  light-haired  and 
probably  blue-eyed  —  while  it  is  highly  probable 
that  the  original  Alpine  stock  or  the  broad-heads 
were  dark-haired  and  of  darker  skin  coloring. 
The  broad-headed  peoples  now  found  in  Holland 
and  Denmark  probably  descended  from  this 
race. 

It  should  be  distinctly  borne  in  mind  that  the 
northern  regions  overrun  by  the  Alpine  or  broad- 
headed  stock  were  also  subsequently  invaded  from 
the  north  by  the  Celtic  and  Teutonic  stock  and 
there  occurred  more  or  less  of  a  mixing  of  these 
two  races. 

This  new  race  was  not  at  all  artistic,  but  had 
great  skill  in  fashioning  weapons.  With  their 
advent,  art  entirely  disappears,  and  the  remark- 
able physical  specimens  of  the  Cro-Magnons  are 
succeeded  by  what  appear  to  have  been  degraded 


The  Alpine  Round  Heads  29 

savages,  who  had  lost  the  physical  force  and 
strength  requisite  for  the  chase  of  the  larger 
game,  and  who  had  turned  to  the  easier  and  less 
active  life  of  fishermen. 

LONG  HEADS  AND  ROUND  HEADS 

"In  dealing  with  European  populations  the 
best  method  of  determining  race  has  been  found 
to  He  In  a  comparison  of  proportions  of  the  skull, 
the  so-called  cephalic  Index.  This  Is  the  ratio  of 
the  maximum  length  to  maximum  width  taken  at 
the  widest  part  of  the  skull  above  the  ears.  Skulls 
with  an  Index  of  75  or  less,  that  Is,  when  the  width 
is  only  a  little  more  than  three-fourths  or  less  than 
the  length,  are  considered  dolichocephalic,  or  long 
skulls.  Skulls  of  an  index  of  80  or  over  are  round 
skulls,  or  brachycephallc  [broad]."  ^  To  compute 
the  cephalic  index,  multiply  the  width  by  100  and 
divide  by  the  length. 

In  commenting  on  the  skull  Index,  Grant  says: 
"  The  use  of  this  test,  the  cephalic  Index,  enables 
us  to  divide  the  great  bulk  of  the  European  popu- 
lations Into  three  distinct  subspecies  of  man,  one 
northern  and  one  southern,  both  dolichocephalic 
or  characterized  by  a  long  skull,  and  a  central 


1  The  Passing  of  the  Great  Race. 


30  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

subspecies  which  is  brachycephalic,  or  character- 
ized by  a  round  skull." 

NORDIC  AND  MEDITERRANEAN  RACES 

The  first  is  the  Nordic  or  Baltic  subspecies.  This 
is  a  long-skulled  race,  very  tall,  fair-skinned,  light- 
haired,  with  blue  or  light-colored  eyes.  The 
Nordics  include  the  great  Scandinavian  and  Teu- 
tonic groups. 

The  second  is  the  dark  Mediterranean  or 
Iberian  subspecies.  These  people  live  around 
the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  and  up  the 
Atlantic  coast  until  they  reach  the  Nordics.  They 
also  extend  far  east  into  southern  Asia.  They 
are  also  long-skulled  like  the  Nordic  race.  The 
eyes  and  hair  are  dark  and  the  skin  is  brunet. 
The  stature  is  stunted  in  comparison  to  that  of 
the  Nordic  race. 

The  third  is  the  Alpine  subspecies,  occupying 
all  central  and  eastern  Europe,  and  extending 
through  to  Asia  Minor.  The  Alpines  are  round- 
skulled,  of  medium  height  and  sturdy  build.  Both 
hair  and  eyes  were  originally  very  dark,  but  many 
h'ght-colored  eyes,  especially  gray,  are  now  found 
in  the  Alpine  populations  of  western  Europe  and 
even  through  Germany. 

Madison  Grant,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the 


The  Alpine  Round  Heads  31 

brief  descriptions  I  have  given  of  the  Nordic, 
Mediterranean,  and  Alpine  races,  thus  summarizes 
the  present  situation: 

*'  While  the  inhabitants  of  Europe  betray  as  a 
whole  their  mixed  origin,  nevertheless,  the  three 
main  subspecies  are  each  found  In  large  numbers 
and  In  great  purity." 

Eye  color  Is  of  great  value  in  race  detection, 
because  all  blue,  gray,  or  green  eyes  In  all  races 
came  originally  from  the  Nordic  race.  Dark- 
colored  eyes  are  almost  universal  among  wild 
mammals,  and  entirely  so  among  the  ape  species. 
It  Is,  therefore,  the  opinion  of  most  authorities 
that  the  primitive  races  of  mankind  had  dark  eyes. 


CHAPTER   VII 

DESCENDANTS   OF    THE    GREAT    EUROPEAN   RACES 

THE  three  great  races  of  Europe  are  Identi- 
fied not  only  by  the  skull  measurements  and 
other  physical  attributes  but  also  by  distinct  and 
characteristic  mental  and  moral  tendencies;  and 
while  their  colonial  descendants  In  the  various 
parts  of  the  world  are  more  or  less  blended  and 
intermixed,  nevertheless,  the  present-day  descend- 
ants of  these  three  great  white  races  are  suscept- 
ible of  quite  satisfactory  segregation  and  identifi- 
cation In  whatever  part  of  the  world  they  may 
be  found. 

NORDIC  DESCENDANTS 

The  Nordic  race  throughout  history  has  been 
characterized  by  a  brilliant  succession  of  military 
leaders,  statesmen,  explorers,  organizers,  aristo- 
crats, and  Inventors.  The  Mediterranean  race 
has  given  us  a  lineage  distinguished  for  its  love 
of  the  beautiful  —  art  —  at  the  same  time  exhib- 
iting many  of  the  characteristic  traits  of  the 
Nordic  people,  but  In  less  degree.  Everywhere 
in  Europe  and  throughout  the  world  the  Alpine 

32 


The  Great  European  Races  33 

race  Is  found  In  the  peasant  or  agricultural  class. 
They  have  never  been  a  seafaring  people.  In 
comparison  with  the  other  white  races,  the  Intel- 
lectual attainment  of  the  Alpine  race  has  been 
mediocre  throughout  all  historic  times. 

In  this  connection  it  might  be  well  to  note  that 
in  the  present  European  conflict,  the  military  class, 
the  real  leaders  in  almost  every  army,  belong  to 
the  Nordic  race.  Flanders,  Belgium,  and  north- 
ern France  are  probably  more  Teutonic  or  Nordic 
than  southern  Germany.  The  English  armies 
are  largely  Nordic  and  also  the  larger  or  northern 
portion  of  the  Russian  forces.  Whereas,  as  will 
be  noted  more  fully  later  on,  the  rank  and  file  of 
the  German  army  is  largely  composed  of  a  pure 
or  admixed  Alpine  or  round-headed  type  of 
soldier. 

The  Nordic  migrations  outside  of  Europe  in 
most  instances  have  been  quickly  swallowed  up  by 
the  native  population,  as  is  evidenced  in  Mexico, 
the  West  Indies,  Venezuela,  the  Philippines,  the 
East  Indies,  and  in  India  itself.  It  is  only  In 
North  America,  Australasia,  and  certain  portions 
of  South  Africa  that  the  Nordic  type  has  been  able 
to  approach  predomination  outside  of  Europe. 

Perhaps  the  purest  type  of  the  Nordic  stock  on 
our  continent  is  to  be  found  now  in  northwestern 


34  J.oncj  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

Canada.  The  original  American  colonies  were 
almost  purely  Nordic,  but  the  descendants  of  this 
race  have  been  tremendously  admixed  during  sub- 
sequent times  with  both  Mediterranean  and  Alpine 
stock,  so  that  such  an  authority  as  Grant  really 
looks  upon  the  Nordic  stock  as  rapidly  disappear- 
ing in  America. 

NORDICS  DISAPPEARING  IN  AMERICA 

The  first  great  destruction  of  Nordic  stock  In 
America  took  place  in  our  Civil  War,  which  was 
fought  almost  entirely  by  the  descendants  of  this 
race.  That  the  future  outlook  for  this  race  In 
the  United  States  Is  not  altogether  promising  Is 
suggested  by  the  following  warning  sounded  by 
the  authority  just  cited:  "The  result  Is  showing 
plainly  In  the  rapid  decline  In  the  birth-rate  of 
native  Americans  because  the  poorer  classes  of 
Colonial  stock,  where  they  still  exist,  will  not 
bring  children  Into  the  world  to  compete  In  the 
labor  market  with  the  Slovak,  the  Italian,  the 
Syrian,  and  the  Jew.  The  native  American  Is 
too  proud  to  mix  socially  with  them  and  Is  gradu- 
ally withdrawing  from  the  scene,  abandoning  to 
these  aliens  the  land  which  he  conquered  and 
developed.  The  man  of  the  old  stock  is  being 
crowded  out  of  many  country  districts  by  these 


The  Great  European  Races  35 

foreigners,  just  as  he  is  today  being  literally  driven 
oft  the  streets  of  New  York  City  by  the  swarms 
of  Polish  Jews.  These  Immigrants  adopt  the 
language  of  the  native  American;  they  wear  his 
clothes;  they  steal  his  name;  and  they  are  begin- 
ning to  take  his  women;  but  they  seldom  adopt 
his  religion  or  understand  his  ideals,  and  while 
he  is  being  elbowed  out  of  his  own  home,  the 
American  looks  calmly  abroad  and  urges  on  others 
the  suicidal  ethics  which  are  exterminating  his 
own  race." 

THE  BRUNET  MEDITERRANEANS 

**The  brunet  Mediterranean  element  in  the 
native  American  seems  to  be  increasing  at  the 
expense  of  the  blonde  Nordic  element  generally 
throughout  the  southern  states,  and  probably  also 
in  the  large  cities.  This  type  of  man,  however, 
Is  scarce  on  our  frontiers.  In  the  Northwest,  and 
In  Alaska  In  the  days  of  the  gold  rush.  It  was  In 
the  mining  camps  a  matter  of  comment  If  a  man 
turned  up  with  dark  eyes,  so  universal  were  blue 
and  gray  eyes  among  the  American  pioneers." 

And  so  on  down  through  the  ages,  the  great 
military  leaders,  including  Cyrus,  Alexander, 
Caesar,  and  Napoleon,  have  all  been  of  the  Nordic 
race  —  nearly  all  blonde,  while  their  armies  have 


36  Louc)  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

ofttlmes  largely  consisted  of  the  swarthy  little 
Mediterranean  or  the  round-headed  Alpine  peas- 
ant. Even  today,  wherever  the  volunteer  military 
system  is  in  vogue,  you  will  find  that  the  vast 
majority  of  the  volunteers  are  men  with  blue  or 
light-colored  eyes,  light  hair,  and  fair  skin.  This 
type  have  all  the  way  along  been  the  vanguards  of 
the  present-day  civilization,  and  it  is  in  this  very 
respect  that  the  voluntary  military  system  con- 
stitutes itself  a  eugenic  crime  against  future 
generations.  It  always  results  in  a  dispro- 
portionate destruction  of  those  men  belonging 
to  the  long-headed,  blonde,  Nordic  type,  while  it 
permits  the  short-statured  Mediterranean  and  the 
round-headed  Alpine  stock  to  remain  at  home  and 
replenish  the  face  —  to  unduly  multiply  themselves 
in  the  generations  which  are  to  follow.  In  my 
opinion,  this  is  the  real  or  eugenic  argument  for 
universal  military  training;  that  the  Mediter- 
ranean and  Alpine  stock  may  be  compelled  to 
share  equally  in  the  race  wastage  incidental  to 
armed  conflicts. 


CHAPTER  VIII 

"LONG-HEAD"   AND    "ROUND-HEAD"   RACE 
COMPETITION 

NOW  to  go  back  and  pick  up  the  story  of 
European  civilization  following  the  over- 
throw of  the  superior  Cro-Magnons  by  their  infe- 
rior successors,  we  are  soon  brought  up  to  the 
time  of  the  early  lake  dwellers  of  Switzerland  — 
the  pile  villages  —  which  is  supposed  to  have 
reached  its  height  about  5,000  B.C.  These  lake 
dwellers  were  round-skulled  Alpines.  During 
this  period  the  races  were  distributed  in  Europe 
about  as  follows: 

Nordics:  Baltic  shores  —  Scandina- 
via, and  eastern  Germany,  Poland,  and 
Russia. 

Mediterraneans:  Around  the  Med- 
iterranean and  western  Europe  —  Spain, 
Italy,  Gaul,  Britain,  and  western  Ger- 
many. 

Alpines:     The  region  of  the  Alps  — 
the  Balkans,  extending  north  and  up  into 
Poland  and  Germany. 
37 


38  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 


DURING  THE  BRONZE  AGE 

Copper  was  first  used  about  5,000  B.C.,  while 
one  thousand  years  later  some  unrecorded  genius 
made  the  discovery  that  mixing  one  part  of  tin 
with  nine  parts  of  copper  would  yield  the  best 
known  metal  up  to  that  time  for  tools  and  weapons 
—  bronze.  This  discovery  ushered  in  the  so-called 
Bronze  Age  and  literally  revolutionized  the  world. 

The  older  Mediterranean  race  built  up  the  civil- 
izations of  early  Britain,  France,  Italy,  Egypt, 
Crete,  Phoenicia,  and  to  some  extent  even  Rome; 
but  It  was  not  a  true  European  race.  During 
these  early  days  the  Nordics  of  the  North  —  the 
only  true  European  race  —  were  barbarians.  The 
first  result  of  crossing  these  two  long-headed  races 
is  always  a  fresh  outburst  of  civilization  and  cul- 
ture. The  day  of  Mediterranean  civilization 
closed  with  the  fall  of  Constantinople  In  the  days 
of  Constantlne,  and  the  custody  of  European  cul- 
ture was  shifted  from  the  shores  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean to  the  Nordic  race  on  the  shores  of  the 
Baltic. 

We  have  now  seen  that  the  Mediterranean  race 
entered  Europe  from  the  south  and  forms  part  of 
a  great  group  of  peoples  extending  Into  southern 
Asia;  that  the   round-headed  Alpine   race  came 


Race  Competition  39 

from  the  east  through  Asia  Minor,  and  that  Its 
present  European  distribution  represents  the 
farthest  west  this  pyramid  of  migration  has  been 
able  to  penetrate.  The  ancestral  base  of  this 
human  wedge  rests  solidly  on  the  round-skulled 
peoples  of  central  Asia.  Both  of  these  races  are, 
therefore,  western  extensions  of  Asiatic  subspe- 
cies, and  neither  of  them  can  be  considered  as 
exclusively  European. 

EARLY  NORDIC  EXPANSION 

With  the  Nordic  race,  however,  the  case  is  dif- 
ferent. This  Is  a  purely  European  type,  and  has 
developed  Its  physical  characteristics  and  Its  civili- 
zation within  the  boundaries  of  Europe.  "  It  is, 
therefore,  the  Homo  Europaus,  the  white  man 
par  excellence." 

The  Alpine  invasion  of  Europe  during  the 
Bronze  Age  (near  its  close)  was  brought  to  an 
end  by  the  great  counter  invasion  of  the  Nordics 
of  the  North  —  the  Teutons.  In  attempting 
briefly  to  describe  this  Nordic  war,  I  can  do  no 
better  than  to  quote  Grant's  comprehensive  state- 
ment: "  This  first  wave  of  Nordics  seems  to  have 
swept  westward  along  the  sandy  plains  of  northern 
Europe,  entering  France  through  the  Low  Coun- 
tries.    From  this  point  they  spread  north  into 


40  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

Britain,  reaching  there  about  800  B.C.  As  Gauls 
they  conquered  all  France  and  pushed  on  south 
and  west  into  Spain,  and  over  the  Maritime  Alps 
Into  northern  Italy,  where  they  encountered  their 
kindred  Nordic  Umbrlans,  who  at  an  earlier  date 
had  crossed  the  Alps  from  the  northeast.  Other 
Celtic-speaking  Nordics  apparently  migrated  up 
the  Rhine  and  down  the  Danube,  and  by  the  time 
the  Romans  came  on  the  scene  the  Alpines  of  cen- 
tral Europe  had  been  thoroughly  Celticized. 
These  tribes  pushed  eastward  Into  southern  Rus- 
sia and  reached  the  Crimea  as  early  as  the  fourth 
century  B.C.  This  swarming  out  of  Germany  of 
the  first  Nordics  was  during  the  closing  phases  of 
the  Bronze  Period,  and  was  contemporary  with, 
and  probably  caused  by,  the  first  great  expansion 
of  the  Teutons  from  Scandinavia  by  way  both  of 
Denmark  and  the  Baltic  coasts.'* 

LATER  NORDIC  INVASIONS 

*' These  invaders  were  succeeded  by  a  second 
wave  of  Celtic-speaking  peoples,  who  drove  their 
predecessors  still  farther  west  and  exterminated 
and  absorbed  them  over  large  areas.  These 
Cymric  Invasions  occurred  about  300-100  B.C., 
and  were  probably  the  result  of  the  growing  devel- 
opment of  the  Teutons  and  their  final  expulsion  of 


Race  Competition  41 

the  Celtic-speaking  tribes  from  Germany.  These 
Cymry  occupied  northern  France  under  the  name 
of  Belgas  and  invaded  England  as  Brythons,  and 
their  conquests  in  both  Gaul  and  Britain  were  only 
checked  by  the  legions  of  Caesar. 

*'The  greatest  of  them  all  were  perhaps  the 
Goths,  who  came  originally  from  the  south  of 
Sweden  and  were  long  located  on  the  opposite 
German  coast.  From  here  they  crossed  Poland 
to  the  Crimea,  where  they  were  known  in  the  first 
century.  Three  hundred  years  later  they  were 
driven  westward  by  the  Huns  and  forced  into  the 
Dacian  plain  and  over  the  Danube  into  the  Roman 
Empire.  The  Ostrogoths,  after  a  period  of  sub- 
jection to  the  Huns  on  the  Danube,  ravaged  the 
European  provinces  of  the  Eastern  Empire,  con- 
quered Italy,  and  founded  there  a  great  but  short- 
lived nation." 

When  these  Teutonic  tribes  poured  down  from 
the  Baltic  coasts,  their  Celtic-speaking  Nordic 
predecessors  were  already  much  mixed  with  the 
underlying  populations,  Mediterranean  in  the 
west  and  Alpine  in  the  south.  These  "Celts'* 
were  not  recognized  by  the  Teutons  as  kin  in  any 
sense,  and  were  all  called  Welsh  or  foreigners. 
From  this  term  is  derived  the  word  *'  Wales." 

The  Alpines  at  this  time  of  maximum  extension, 


42  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

about  1800  B.C.,  crossed  into  Britain,  and  a  few 
reached  Ireland  and  introduced  bronze  into  both 
these  islands.  They  brought  with  them  from 
Asia  the  art  of  domesticating  animals  and  the  first 
knowledge  of  the  cereals  and  of  pottery,  and  were 
an  agricultural  race,  in  sharp  contrast  to  the  flesh- 
eating  hunters  who  preceded  them. 

NORDIC  SUPREMACY  IN  EUROPE 

We  have  now  traced  the  eastern  supremacy  of 
the  Mediterranean  civilization  down  to  the  time 
when  it  was  threatened  by  a  great  invasion  of  the 
round-skulled  Alpine  race  and  how  this  threatened 
overrunning  was  checked  by  a  counter-invasion  of 
the  blonde  Nordics  of  the  North.  This  brings  us 
down  well  into  the  Christian  era,  to  the  fall  of  the 
eastern  Roman  Empire  and  the  transfer  of  the 
European  centers  of  civilization  from  the  Med- 
iterranean to  the  Baltic;  and  so  today  the  Nordics 
predominate  in  the  Scandinavian  Peninsula,  the 
British  Isles,  Holland,  Flanders,  the  northern  half 
of  France  and  Germany,  the  north  of  Poland,  and 
the  north,  central,  and  western  portions  of  Russia; 
that  Is,  out  of  the  total  European  population  of 
420,000,000  there  is  to  be  found  a  little  less  than 
100,000,000  who  are  more  or  less  purely  Nordic. 

In  Germany  the  folks  speaking  Low  German 


Race  Competition  43 

are  almost  purely  Nordic,  while  the  High  German- 
speaking  people  are  almost  entirely  Teutonized 
Alpines  and  are  round-skulled  or  broad-headed  in 
comparison  with  the  more  purely  Nordic  or  Teu- 
tonic long  skulls  and  narrow  heads;  and,  as  will 
be  shown  more  fully  later,  a  great  change  along 
these  lines  has  taken  place  among  the  Germanic 
peoples  during  the  last  two  or  three  hundred  years. 

The  early  Nordic  invasions  of  India,  the 
Balkans,  and  even  of  Italy,  is  today  manifest  only 
in  a  sparse  sprinkling  of  the  descendants  of  the 
old  aristocratic  and  military  ruling  classes. 

For  several  hundred  years,  throughout  all  of 
Europe,  it  would  seem  that  both  the  Mediter- 
ranean and  Alpine  stock  were  slowly  but  surely 
crowding  out  and  triumphing  over  the  Nordic 
species,  and  the  present  great  war  in  Europe  will 
further  reduce  the  position  and  power  of  the 
Nordic  stock.  For  a  thousand  years  or  more  the 
Nordic  race  has  been  committing  suicide  by  world- 
wide expansion  and  amalgamation  with  other 
races;  by  the  feudal  wars  of  the  Middle  Ages;  and 
by  the  later  religious  conflicts  and  by  subsequent 
revolutionary  struggles  leading  down  to  the 
Napoleonic  conflict  and  ending  in  the  awful  slaugh- 
ter of  Nordic  stock  in  the  present  world-war. 

In  the  study  of  European  populations  the  great 


44  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

and  fundamental  fact  about  the  British  Isles  Is  the 
absence  there  today  of  Alpine  round-skulls.  It 
Is  the  only  important  state  In  Europe  in  which  the 
round-skulls  play  no  part,  and  the  only  nation  of 
any  rank  composed  solely  of  Nordic  and  Mediter- 
ranean races  In  approximately  equal  numbers. 

Beginning  with  the  first  appearance  of  the  Nor- 
dics in  western  Europe,  the  Alpine  race  has  been 
forced  to  give  ground,  but  has  mingled  Its  blood 
everywhere  with  the  conquerors,  and  now  after 
centuries  of  obscurity  it  appears  to  be  increasing 
again  at  the  expense  of  its  master  races. 


CHAPTER  IX 

LONG  HEADS  AND  ROUND  HEADS  IN  THE 
GERMAN  EMPIRE 

THE  rulers  and  leaders  of  the  Roman  Empire 
were  largely  Nordic,  but  when  they  ceased 
to  keep  pace  with  the  increasing  progeny  of  their 
slave  peoples,  and  when  they  suffered  increased 
casualties  on  the  battle-fields,  the  empire  passed 
rapidly  into  physical  decadence  and  the  end  of 
Roman  glory  drew  on  apace.  The  Roman 
Empire  fell  because  of  the  physical  decay  due  to 
the  rapid  multiplication  of  a  physically  inferior 
stock, 

GERMANIC  RACE  SUBSTITUTION 

The  modern  German  Empire  is  also  the  victim 
of  a  subtle  and  persistent  race  substitution;  not 
one  which  has  resulted  in  physical  impairment  or 
military  decay,  but  one  which  has  resulted  in  an 
unmistakable  intellectual  and  moral  deterioration. 
It  is  an  ethnic  fact,  an  anthropological  phenome- 
non, that  for  a  period  of  two  or  three  hundred 
years  the  Alpine  stock  in  southern  Germany  has 

been  crowding  steadily  northward;  that  there  has 

45 


46  Lo'>:n  Heads  avd  Round  Heads 

been  an  increasing  admixture  between  the  long- 
headed Teutonic  peoples  of  northern  Germany 
with  the  round-headed  Alpine  and  Slavic  inhab- 
itants of  southern  and  eastern  Germany. 

Three  hundred  years  ago  the  so-called  Germanic 
peoples  iLere  preponderantly  Teutonic,  but  a  great 
change  has  been  taking  place  in  the  racial  con- 
stituency of  this  nation;  and  this  change,  be  it 
remembered,  affords  us  the  real  explanation  of  the 
unparalleled  brutality,  the  shocking  atrocities, 
and  otherziise  inexplicable  barbarous  behavior  of 
the  German  armies  in  the  present  European 
conflict. 

I  think  the  best  authority  which  can  be  cited 
on  this  point  of  Alpine  substitution  in  the  Ger- 
manic stock  is  Grant,  of  the  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History,  New  York,  from  whose 
book,  The  Passing  of  the  Great  Race,  I  again 
quote : 

*'  Through  the  neglect  of  the  Teutons  they  were 
allowed  to  range  far  and  wide  from  their  homes 
near  the  northeastern  Carpathians,  and  to  occupy 
the  lands  formerly  belonging  to  the  German 
nations,  who  had  abandoned  their  country  and 
flocked  into  the  Roman  Empire.  Goth,  Lom- 
bard. Burgund.  and  Vandal  were  replaced  by  the 
lowly  Wend,  and  his  descendants  today  form  the 


In  the  German  Empire  47 

privates  in  the  east  German  regiments,  while  the 
officers  are  everywhere  recruited  from  the  Nordic 
upper  class.  The  medieval  relation  of  these 
Slavic  tribes  to  the  dominant  Teuton  is  well  ex- 
pressed In  the  meaning  —  Slave  —  which  has  been 
attached  to  their  name  in  western  languages.'' 

ALPINES  vs.  NORDICS 

But  let  us  more  carefully  examine  the  causes  of 
the  Nordic  decline  and  the  disproportionate  Alpine 
Increase  among  the  so-called  Teutonic  peoples. 
We  have  noted  in  our  studies  up  to  this  point  that 
the  Nordic  race  Is  probably  decreasing  in  almost 
every  part  of  the  world.  The  Germanic  peoples 
have  been  sharing  In  this  world-wide  decrease  of 
the  Nordic  stock  for  more  than  two  or  three 
hundred  years;  and  in  addition  to  this,  the  early 
German  tribes  were  given  to  a  great  deal  of  inter- 
racial strife  and  fighting.  Many  of  the  most 
princely  Nordic  strains  were  either  greatly  deci- 
mated or  entirely  destroyed  in  these  struggles  of 
the  pre-empire  days;  but  probably  the  greatest 
single  Inroad  made  Into  the  Nordic  stock  of  Ger- 
many was  the  terrible  slaughter  of  Its  most  valiant 
breeds  In  the  Thirty  Years'  War  about  two  hun- 
dred years  ago.  The  terrible  losses  of  that 
struggle  constituted  almost  a  moral  and  Intellec- 


48  I.oufi  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

tual   suicide,    from   which   the   Germanic   peoples 
have  hardly  been  able  to  recover. 

The  Alpines  began  their  subtle  invasion  of  and 
assault  upon  Teutonic  supremacy  during  the  days 
of  the  disintegrating  Roman  Empire  when  the 
Balkan  peoples  began  to  Intrude  themselves  far- 
ther and  farther  westward  into  the  European 
domain.  With  the  passing  of  Rome,  all  Europe 
became  superficially  Teutonic,  but  there  persisted 
this  Asiatic  Alpine  wedge  which  had  never  been  en- 
tirely overcome  since  Its  great  Invasion  and  ex- 
pansion during  the  Bronze  Age.  The  Teutons 
were  able  to  check  the  political  and  religious 
Mohammedan  invasion,  hut  they  were  not  able 
to  withstand  this  racial  and  eugenic  Alpine 
invasion. 

GERMANY  IN  RELATION  TO  EUROPE 

It  Is  an  Interesting  fact  to  note  that  the  Roman 
Empire  and  Its  successor,  the  Holy  Roman  Em- 
pire, consisted  of  a  ruling  Nordic  class  with  a  vast 
substratum  army  and  population  consisting  of 
Mediterraneans  and  Alpines.  Today  the  Ger- 
manic Empire  Is  built  on  exactly  the  same  racial 
lines,  the  ruling  and  military  classes  are  more  or 
less  purely  Teutonic,  and  the  great  rank  and  file 
of  the  army  and  civil  population  are  either  purely 


In  the  German  Empire  49 

Alpine  or  of  an  Alpine-Teutonic  type.  In  fact, 
the  very  name,  "  Kaiser,''  and  even  the  claims  of 
that  ruler,  trace  the  birth  of  the  title  back  to 
"Caesar." 

From  the  days  of  Charlemagne,  his  successors 
have  either  exercised  or  claimed  an  overlordship 
over  all  the  European  Christian  nations.  A 
German  Emperor  conducted  the  crusade  against 
the  Saracens,  and  today  the  Kaiser  undoubtedly 
has  had  rekindled  in  his  brain  the  visions  of  glory 
and  world  empire  extending  his  mastery  out  over 
all  Europe  —  he  sees  himself  the  Charlemagne  of 
the  twentieth  century,  the  supreme  secular  power 
of  all  modern  civilization. 

Europe  was  Germany  and  Germany  was 
Europe  until  the  time  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War, 
and  the  Kaiser  has  determined  to  restore  this 
condition  and  reign  once  more  as  the  head  of  a 
European  Empire  —  If  not,  indeed,  a  world 
empire. 

"The  European  Alpines  retain  very  little  of 
their  Asiatic  origin,  except  the  skull,  and  have  been 
In  contact  with  the  Nordic  race  so  long  that  In 
central  and  western  Europe  they  are  everywhere 
saturated  with  the  blood  of  that  race.  Many 
populations  now  considered  good  Germans,  such 
as  the  majority  of  the  Wiirtembergers,  Bavarians, 


50  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

Austrlans,  Swiss,  and  Tyrolese,  are  merely  Teu- 
tonlzed  Alpines."  ^ 

In  ancient  times  the  Alpines  built  up  a  worthy 
Asiatic  civilization  In  Mesopotamia;  but  In  medie- 
val and  modern  times  they  have  exerted  but  little 
Influence  on  European  culture. 


1  The  Passing  of  the  Great  Race. 


CHAPTER  X 

THE  THIRTY  YEARS'  WAR  AND  THE  REVOLUTION 
OF  1848 

IN  ALL  the  history  of  civilization  the  Thirty 
Years'  War  stands  out  as  undoubtedly  the 
most  devastating  crime  ever  committed  in  the 
name  of  religion.  This  awful  conflict  destroyed 
almost  an  entire  Nordic  generation;  and  at  that 
time  these  splendid  Teutons  represented  probably 
the  most  noble,  intellectual,  and  chivalrous  group 
of  Nordic  descendants  to  be  found  anywhere  on 
the  face  of  the  earth.  Each  year,  for  thirty  suc- 
cessive years,  this  struggle  took  the  flower  of  the 
best  Teutonic  families  and  virtually  destroyed 
the  vigor,  valor,  and  manhood  of  the  Nordic 
Germanic  tribes.  . 

The  best  authorities  estimate  that  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  population  of  Germany  was  thus 
destroyed.  In  some  sections,  as  in  Bohemia, 
more  than  three-fourths  of  the  Inhabitants  per- 
ished or  were  driven  out.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  struggle  Wiirtemberg  boasted  of  half  a  million 
inhabitants,  and  at  the  close  less  than  fifty  thousand 
were  left.     The  worst  part  of  It  was  not  the  fact 

51 


52  I.onci  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

that  so  many  men  were  killed,  but  the  loss  was 
borne,  as  usual,  with  disproportionate  heaviness 
upon  the  Nordic  stock;  that  Is,  decidedly  more  of 
the  blue-eyed  blondes  with  long  heads  were  killed; 
vastly  more  than  there  perished  of  the  darker 
skinned  and  round-headed  Alpines. 

NORDIC  RACE  SUICIDE 

In  every  great  European  struggle  the  Nordics 
have  killed  themselves  off,  and  as  the  result,  at  the 
end  of  each  succeeding  struggle,  the  Alpines  have 
found  themselves  Increased  In  percentage  among 
the  remaining  population.  And  so  ever  since  the 
Thirty  Years'  War  In  Germany,  the  Teutonic 
population  has  been  steadily  replaced  by  the 
Alpine  types  and  stocks  of  the  south  and  east,  by 
the  more  or  less  pure  Alpine  stock  of  southern 
Germany,  and  by  the  Wends  and  Alpine  stock  of 
eastern  Germany. 

This  change  of  stock  or  race  substitution  has 
gone  on  In  Germany  with  such  steadiness  for  two 
hundred  years  that  at  the  present  time  the  best 
ethnic  authorities  estimate  that  out  of  the  seventy 
million  Inhabitants  of  the  German  Empire  there 
are  left  considerably  less  than  ten  million  of  the 
manifestly  Teutonic  type  as  regards  skin  coloring, 


The  Thirty  Years'  War  53 

stature,  and  skull  Index.  And  to  know  that  this 
is  true,  the  reader  only  needs  to  recall  the  fact  that 
in  recent  years  practically  all  of  the  German  Immi- 
grants who  have  come  to  this  country  are  of  the 
round-headed  type  and  do  not  In  any  sense 
approach  the  older  Teutonic  or  present-day  Scandi- 
navian type  of  men  and  women.  Of  course,  some 
of  these  earlier  struggles  also  injured  France  and 
Great  Britain,  but  nothing  like  to  the  degree  in 
which  Germany  was  damaged  by  these  terrible 
conflicts. 

The  chivalrous  Teutonic  knights,  the  spiritual- 
minded  poets,  the  original  thinkers  and  inventors, 
and  the  great  scientists  and  artists  of  the  Germanic 
Empire  had  their  lines  practically  cut  off  and  they 
largely  came  to  an  end,  as  the  result  of  the  devas- 
tation of  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  When  this 
awful  struggle  was  over  there  remained  in  Ger- 
many but  a  vanishing  remnant  of  the  wonderful 
Nordic  people  that  formerly  had  extended  her 
political  Influence  over  all  of  Europe.  But  there 
did  remain  a  large  population  of  round-skulled, 
brutalized,  Alpine  peasantry  which  had  been 
gradually  pushing  Its  way  toward  the  Baltic  from 
both  the  south  and  the  east,  and  they,  being  a 
prolific  race,  in  subsequent  years  overran  all  Ger- 
many with  their  inferior  progeny. 


54  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

Germany's  moral  (racial)  bankruptcy 

The  result  of  this  Nordic  loss  and  the  conse- 
quent undue  multiplication  of  the  brutal  Alpine 
type  among  the  German  people  is  shown  glaringly 
in  the  present  world-war.  You  do  not  see  in  the  n 
German  army  today  that  olden-time  military  chiv-  / 
airy  which  characterized  the  Teutons  of  two  hun- 
dred years  and  more  ago.  In  its  place  there  is 
found  the  brutal  German  joy  of  battle,  the  love  of 
atrocity,  and  delight  in  suffering  and  torture.  The 
German  army  today  shows  none  of  that  generosity 
toward  and  respect  for  women  that  characterized 
the  German  armies  of  other  days. 

Today  the  Kaiser  dreams  a  dream  of  an  ex- 
panded empire  and  a  political  influence  akin  to  the 
Germanic  rulers  of  former  days,  but  he  has  failed 
to  recognize  that  the  Germanic  race  that  goes  with 
that  sort  of  an  empire  virtually  committed  suicide 
two  hundred  years  ago;  and  that  he  does  not  have 
in  his  realm  today  the  peoples  that  would  make 
such  an  empire  possible.  It  is  a  fact  that  must  be 
borne  in  mind,  that  today  only  about  ten  or  pos- 
sibly twelve  per  cent  of  the  Germanic  peoples  are 
really  Teutonic  or  Nordic.  The  whole  eastern 
half  of  Germany  is  largely  Slavic-Alpine.  They 
are  the  round-heads  that  moved  into  that  region 


The  Thirty  Years'  War  55 

when  the  Teutons  were  engaged  In  the  conquest  of 
Rome  in  the  sixth  century.  In  the  tenth  century 
the  Teutons  effected  their  military  conquest,  and 
today  their  descendants  are  looked  upon  as  Ger- 
mans in  good  standing.  They  are  German  in 
tongue,  politics,  religion,  and  culture,  but  they  are 
not  Teutons  in  either  intelligence  or  morals. 

The  upper  class,  or  long,  narrow-headed  Prus- 
sian of  today,  is  of  Nordic  stock,  but  the  rank  and 
file  of  the  Prussians,  with  their  round,  broad  heads 
(the  Hindenburg  type) ,  are  nothing  more  nor  less 
than  Teutonized  Wends  and  Poles  of  real  Alpine 
extraction.  Of  course,  the  modern  Prussian  has 
some  of  the  original  Saxon  element  as  well  as  that 
of  the  Goth,  Vandal,  etc. 

In  this  study  of  the  present-day  Germanic 
peoples,  the  skull  index  —  the  fact  as  to  whether 
they  are  long-heads  or  round-heads  —  constitutes 
an  almost  unerring  clue  as  to  the  real  character  of 
the  people,  and  also  affords  a  basic  ethnic  explana- 
tion of  the  present-day  spectacle  of  a  supposedly 
civilized  race  suddenly  lapsing  into  barbarism  and 
savagery.  The  truth  of  the  matter  is  that  the  so- 
called  Germanic  race  has  been  ethnically  bankrupt 
for  over  one  hundred  years.  The  present  military 
outbreak  is  but  the  evidence  of  this  intellectual  in- 
solvency and  moral  bankruptcy,  and  the  time  has 


56  Loncj  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

arrived  for  the  zvhole  world  to  sit  as  a  solemn  court 
of  judgment  and  appoint  a  civilized  receiver  to 
either  wind  up  or  reorganize  the  national  Ger- 
manic military  establishment, 

LONG  HEADS  AND  ROUND  HEADS  IN  THE  GERMAN 
REVOLUTION   OF    1 848 

I  was  recently  asked  this  question :  "  How  could 
the  simple-minded,  tender-hearted,  home-loving 
German  people  that  gave  us  the  Christmas  tree 
suddenly  become  so  cruel  and  brutal?"  The 
answer  to  this  question  we  have  just  been  reciting; 
but,  in  my  opinion,  there  is  still  another  reason  for 
the  moral  and  ethnic  bankruptcy  of  the  German 
Empire,  and  that  is  the  Teutonic  migrations  which 
took  place  following  the  failure  of  the  German 
revolution  of  1848. 

Notwithstanding  the  awful  loss  to  the  German 
people  through  the  Thirty  Years'  War  and  other 
wars,  there  still  remained  in  Germany,  especially 
in  northern  Germany,  a  goodly  percentage  of  the 
noble  Teutonic  people.  These  tall,  blue-eyed  Nor- 
dics have  been  for  centuries  the  ruling  classes  of 
the  world,  and  they  did  not  take  kindly  to  the 
governmental  methods  espoused  by  the  autocratic 
German  (Prussian)  rulers.  The  upheaval  of  '48 
occurred.    The  fight  for  liberty  failed,  and  these 


Photo   from    Underwood  &    Underwood,   N.    Y. 


FIELD  MARSHAL  VON  HINDENBURG 

The  German  Alpine  of  the  present  day  is  well  typified  in 
Von  Hindenburg.  He  is  force  personified,  dominant,  brutal, 
devoid  of  idealism  and  with  little  or  no  imagination.  He 
represents  the  round-headed  t\'pe  of  German. 


The  Thirty  Years'  War  57 

liberty-loving,  courageous  Teutons  left  Germany 
by  the  tens  of  thousands.  They  came  to  America 
to  enrich  our  civilization,  to  contribute  their  sturdy 
Nordic  characteristics  to  the  last  generation  of 
Americans,  and  their  offspring  are  with  us  today, 
constituting  the  superior  group  of  so-called  Ger- 
man-Americans. 

GERMAN   EMIGRATION   TO  AMERICA 

The  men  of  the  type  of  Carl  Schurz  when  they 
emigrated  to  this  country  represented  a  great  loss 
to  the  Fatherland  and  a  great  gain  to  America. 
The  German  immigrant  of  that  day  was  instantly 
loyal  to  the  country  of  his  adoption.  They  enlisted 
in  great  numbers  in  the  Federal  army  and  fought 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Union.  And  be  it  said 
everlastingly  to  the  credit  of  the  real  Teutonic 
German  that  there  is  not  a  case  on  record,  to  my 
knowledge,  where  the  German  soldier  of  Civil 
War  days,  the  long-headed,  real  Nordic,  liberty- 
loving  German  who  "  fought  mit  Sigel,"  I  say 
there  is  not  a  case  on  record  where  these  Germans 
destroyed  property,  poisoned  wells,  ravished 
women,  crucified  officers,  bombed  Red  Cross  hos- 
pitals, used  poison  gas,  scattered  disease  microbes, 
or  marched  into  a  conquered  village  with  a  four- 
year-old  babe  held  aloft  on  the  point  of  a  bayonet. 


58  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

No,  these  were  the  Germans  that  we  are  proud  to 
claim  connection  with.  They  are  the  Saxons  of 
other  days.  They  are  the  same  Germans  as  the 
chivalrous  knights  of  old.  They  are  of  the  kind- 
spirited  people  that  gave  us  the  Christmas  tree 
with  its  tender  sentiments  and  spiritual  associa- 
tions. 

And  these  are  the  Germans  that  will  be  found 
more  largely  loyal  to  the  land  of  their  adoption  in 
the  present  struggle;  whereas  the  disloyal  element 
of  German  extraction  which  we  may  have  to  con- 
tend with  today  will  be  found  to  consist  more 
largely  of  the  round-headed  type  of  more  recent 
immigration,  the  type  which  enjoys  brutality  and 
worships  tyranny,  the  type  which  has  become  more 
common  in  the  Germany  of  today,  with  its  sterner 
and  more  brutal  home  discipline,  all  of  which  has 
no  doubt  contributed  to  the  fact  that  child  suicides 
are  to  be  found  in  greater  numbers  In  Germany 
than  among  any  other  civilized  nation  on  the  face 
of  the  earth. 

THE   GERMAN   PEOPLE   AND  THE   GERMAN 
GOVERNMENT 

President  Wilson  has  said  that  this  country  Is 
engaged  in  a  war,  not  against  the  German  people 
but  against  the  German  government,  and  in  a  cer- 


The  Thirty  Years'  War  59 

tain  sense  this  is  undoubtedly  true,  and  I  gladly 
subscribe  to  the  sentiment;  but  in  another  sense  it 
would  be  a  great  mistake  if  the  American  people 
accept  the  idea  that  the  heart  of  the  German 
people  is  not  in  this  struggle.  .  This  round-headed 
Alpine  we  have  been  studying  makes  probably  the 
best  soldier  in  the  world  to  occupy  the  rank  and 
file  of  the  army,  and  with  a  ten  or  twelve  per  cent 
Nordic  stock  for  leadership,  Nordic  stock,  as  we 
shall  see  subsequently,  which  has  rejected  all  the 
ideals  and  sentiments  which  have  intellectually 
characterized  the  Nordic  people  for  centuries,  I 
say,  under  such  conscienceless  but  able  leadership 
these  round-headed  Alpines  make  ideal  soldiers. 
By  teaching,  training,  and  religious  admonition 
these  Alpines  have  been  carefully  prepared  for 
their  part  in  the  present  struggle.  The  larger  part 
of  the  German  people  who  would  rebel  against 
the  Kaiseristic  autocracy  emigrated  to  America 
fifty  or  seventy-five  years  ago,  and  the  Alpine  civ- 
ilization which  constitutes  the  rank  and  file  of  Ger- 
many today  looks  with  almost  worshipful  rever- 
ence upon  the  marvelous  prowess,  the  extraordi- 
nary efliciency,  and  the  wonderful  mechanistic  pre- 
cision with  which  the  German  administrative  and 
military  machinery  is  operated  in  the  present  strug- 
gle.   He  really  believes  that  "  might  is  right,"  and, 


60  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

in  my  opinion,  is  not  likely  to  change  his  mind 
unless  he  is  confronted  either  with  sheer  defeat  or 
unless,  perchance,  there  shall  arise  some  great  Ger- 
manic political  Moses  who  could  lead  him  out  of 
his  present  Egyptian  tyranny  into  the  promised 
land  of  liberty  and  democracy.  It  may  be  difficult 
to  get  a  new  idea  into  the  head  of  a  typical  round- 
headed  Alpine,  but  when  a  given  idea  does  get  into 
his  head,  it  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  ever  get  it 
out. 

And  this  Is  why  I  fear  we  are  In  for  a  long  war. 
It  Is  time  that  the  American  people  arouse  them- 
selves to  an  appreciation  of  the  Power  we  are 
fighting,  Its  resources,  its  ambitions,  and  last  but 
not  least,  its  racial  origin  and  moral  ancestry. 

THE   TEUTONS    TRAITORS   TO    CIVILIZATION 

I  am  so  frequently  asked  this  question:  "  If  the 
Nordic  races  are  a  superior  people,  and  if  the 
upper  or  ruling  classes  of  Germany  belong  to  this 
Nordic  class,  then  why  is  It,  if  they  are  such  a 
liberty-loving,  high-minded,  and  civilized  people, 
that  they  have  become  the  teachers  and  instigators 
of  all  this  brutal,  undemocratic,  and  uncivilized 
regime?" 

The  answer  to  this  question  Is  that  the  Nordic 
race  Is  not  only  a  high-minded  and  highly  civilized 


The  Thirty  Years'  War  61 

race,  but  that  it  is  also  the  most  ambitious  and 
adventurous  of  all  the  human  races. 

Again  and  again  in  the  past  history  of  the  world 
have  military  adventurers  belonging  to  the  Nordic 
race  dreamed  a  dream  of  world  power  and  con- 
quest. In  fact,  the  great  conquerors  of  the  world, 
from  Cyrus  on  down  to  Alexander  the  Great, 
Julius  Cassar,  Charlemagne,  and  Napoleon  Bona- 
parte, belonged  to  the  Nordic  peoples.  The  real 
situation  in  Germany  today  Is  that  the  military, 
ruling,  and  teaching  classes  of  the  empire  have 
become  nefarious  traitors  to  the  civilization  which 
they  represent  and  of  which  they  are  a  part.  They 
have  seen  a  vision  of  world  empire.  They  have 
dreamed  of  universal  conquest.  They  know  better, 
but  they  have  hardened  their  hearts  and  seared 
their  consciences  with  the  hot  iron  of  principle- 
less  ambition  and  merciless  conquest.  Figuratively 
speaking,  they  have  deliberately  gone  to  the  devil 
and  are  taking  the  vast  round-headed  and  com- 
paratively stupid  Alpine  peoples  with  them. 

The  long-heads  of  Germany  today  know  of  a 
better  way  than  that  which  they  are  traversing  — 
the  less  keen,  more  stupid  round-heads  do  not. 
The  Teutonic  long-heads  of  Germany  today  have 
ceased  to  keep  step  with  the  Nordic  race  as  found 
In  other  lands  in  its  march  toward  democracy  and 


62  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

the  liberalization  of  human  thought.  They  have 
chosen  to  conduct  a  government  and  to  plan  con- 
quests in  harmony  with  the  belief  and  practices  of 
their  race  as  they  functionated  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands of  years  ago.  In  fact,  they  have  gone  back 
to  the  days  of  Joshua  to  carry  on  their  military 
struggles  under  the  patronage  of  a  tribal  god  who 
countenanced  unspeakable  cruelties  on  the  part  of 
the  chosen  people  in  the  treatment  of  their  ignorant 
and  inferior  opponents  belonging  to  an  inferior 
civilization. 

The  German  conundrum  of  today  Is  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  ten  per  cent  Nordic  long-headed, 
ruling  class  that  dominates  the  Germanic  peoples 
has  sacrificed  Its  intelligence,  its  conscience,  and  Its 
largely  superior  culture  to  Its  inherent  ambition, 
love  of  leadership,  and  dominating  tendency  to 
conquer,  exploit,  and  rule  —  traits  not  at  all  new 
in  the  Nordic  race,  but  tendencies  which  have  been, 
in  later  years,  suppressed  and  held  down  in  behalf 
of  the  higher,  more  noble  civilized  culture  which 
characterizes  the  white  nations  of  today. 

We  have  now  completed  the  study  of  the  past 
history  and  development  and  anthropology  of  the 
Germanic  peoples,  and  will  next  take  up  the  con- 
sideration of  Germany  as  a  world  menace. 


CHAPTER   XI 

THE  DELUSION  OF  THE  "  MELTING  POT  " 

I  THINK  by  this  time  the  results  of  the  war 
have  taught  us  the  delusion  of  the  "melting 
pot."  In  our  younger  days,  both  as  Individuals 
and  as  a  nation,  we  entertained  the  belief  that  we 
could  swallow  up  into  our  American  civilization 
the  misfit  elements  of  all  Europe,  and  yet  be  able 
so  to  digest  and  assimilate  them  as  to  cause  them 
to  functionate  in  a  manner  compatable  with  Ameri- 
can institutions;  but  the  war,  I  think,  has  very  suc- 
cessfully and  very  generally  dispelled  this  delusion. 
As  a  nation  we  are  beginning  to  awake  from  our 
dream.  I  think  we  are  beginning  to  realize  that 
the  Alpine  and  Mediterranean  races  are  not  at 
once  assimilable  into  the  American  body  politic. 
We  are  even  beginning  to  appreciate  that  the 
round-headed  German  does  not  readily  fit  into 
our  program  as  the  long-headed  German.  In  this 
connection  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  we  have 
a  large  population  in  America  of  very  high  class, 
which  borders  on  the  round-head  when  it  comes  to 
actual  measurements,  but  which  represents  a 
blended  stock.     Some  of  our  best  Irish  stock,  in 

63 


64  T.onci  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

head  measurements,  approach  the  round-heads, 
but  they  are  so  thoroughly  Nordlclzed  —  that  is, 
they  have  such  an  admixture  of  the  Nordic  strain 
of  the  British  Isles  —  that  they  are  really  more 
Nordic  than  Alpine,  and  this  is  also  true  of  many 
Germans  who  to  outward  appearance  appear  to  be 
round-heads  but  who  are  also  quite  thoroughly 
Nordicized. 

FALSE   IDEALS   OF   DEMOCRACY 

Neither  are  we  able  immediately  to  absorb  into 
our  civilization,  and  gracefully  fit  in  with  our  in- 
stitutions, the  more  marked  specimens  of  the  Medi- 
terranean race  even  though  they  happen  to  be  of 
the  long-headed  type.  At  the  close  of  this  war 
it  behooves  the  American  people  thoroughly  to 
reconsider  the  doctrine  of  the  "melting  pot"  and 
to  revamp  the  Immigration  laws  in  accordance  with 
our  experience  in  the  present  world-war. 

Much  of  the  present-day  belief  in  environment 
Is  fictitious.  Education  and  opportunity  will  work 
wonders  for  the  stock  that  has  the  right  stuff  in 
It  from  an  hereditary  standpoint,  but  the  so-called 
doctrine  that  "all  men  are  born  equal,"  when 
looked  at  from  the  standpoint  of  race  and  eugen- 
ics, does  not  prove  Itself  to  be  biologically  true. 
We  are,  of  course,  willing  to  subscribe  to  the  teach- 


The ''Melting  Pot''  65 

ing  of  "equality  under  the  law;"  that  Is,  equality 
of  opportunity  and  full  political  rights  for  all  men; 
but  as  a  race  truth  there  are  some  doctrines  and 
dogmas  regarding  the  political  brotherhood  of 
man  which  originated  In  the  days  of  the  French 
Revolution  and  which  no  nation  has  ever  been 
able  to  work  out  In  a  practical  way,  though  Russia 
seems  now  about  to  start  upon  another  similar 
experiment  to  that  which  failed  In  the  French 
Revolution. 

THE  NEGRO  PROBLEM 

The  doctrine  that  the  negro  slave  of  Civil  War 
days  was  an  unfortunate  distant  cousin  of  the 
white  man,  who  had  simply  been  deeply  tanned 
because  he  had  long  lived  under  the  tropical  sun, 
and  that  his  social  and  Intellectual  status  was  en- 
tirely the  result  of  being  denied  the  privileges  of 
civilization  and  the  blessings  of  Christianity,  is 
still  believed  by  many  honest  and  well-meaning 
sentimentalists.  This  was  the  prevailing  sentiment 
in  Civil  War  days,  and,  mind  you,  I  believe  the 
Civil  War  was  worth  fighting  either  to  save  the 
Union  or  to  free  the  black  man.  The  black  man 
deserved  his  freedom,  but  It  has  taken  the  white 
people  of  America  almost  half  a  century  to  wake 
up  to  the  fact  that  more  or  less  political  freedom, 


66  I.oiifi  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

a  little  education,  good  clothes,  and  ability  to  speak 
and  write  English  and  go  to  church  has  not  been 
able  to  transform  the  negro  into  a  white  man  or 
even  into  a  black  man  with  anything  like  equal 
powers  and  prerogatives  of  citizenship;  and  we 
are  going  to  have  similar  experiences  in  this  coun- 
try with  our  Polish  and  Russian  Jews  and  other 
Balkan  immigrants.  The  unfortunate  thing  about 
the  *^  melting  pot''  is  that  it  does  not  melt.  Race  is 
still  the  determining  factor  of  civilization  and 
citizenship. 

RACE  DOMINATES  CIVILIZATION 

What  the  "  melting  pot "  actually  does,  and  what 
It  threatens  to  do  in  this  country,  can  better  be  seen 
by  an  ethnic  study  of  Mexico  and  Its  people.  Here 
the  blood  of  the  original  Spanish  conquerors  (who, 
like  all  the  world's  explorers,  were  Nordics)  has 
been  absorbed  by  the  Inferior  native  Indian  popu- 
lation, resulting  in  a  race  admixture  which  w-e  now 
observe  in  the  present-day  Inferior  Mexican 
people;  and  from  the  days  of  Rome  down  to  the 
present,  these  mongrel  types  have  always  repre- 
sented retrograde  movements  In  the  civilization  of 
the  day. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  some  of  the  more 
desirable  specifications  in  the  civilized  races  are 


The  ''Melting  Pot"  67 

of  relative  recent  origin,  and  that  when  two  greatly 
dissimilar  races  mix,  the  usual  result  is  a  quick 
gravitation  downward  to  the  more  ancient,  primi- 
tive, and  lower  type  of  man.  The  cross  between 
a  white  man  and  a  negro  is  not  a  white  man,  but  a 
negro.  The  cross  between  a  white  man  and  a 
Hindu  is  a  Hindu;  and  a  cross  between  any  of  the 
three  more  modern  European  races  and  a  Jew  is 
always  a  Jew.  In  crossing  the  more  recent  blonde 
Nordic  race  with  the  older  brunet  Mediterranean 
race.  It  will  be  found  that  the  older  brunet  type 
predominates.  If  the  thoroughbred,  blue-eyed  Nor- 
dic man  marries  a  thoroughbred,  black-eyed  Medi- 
terranean woman,  the  children  will  all  have  either 
black  or  dark-colored  eyes.  There  will  be  no  blue- 
eyed  offspring,  and  we  must  recognize  that  all  the 
ministrations  of  a  Christian  civilization,  and  all  the 
environment  and  education  of  democratic  institu- 
tions, cannot  now  or  ever  will  be  able  to  alter  these 
fundamental  laws  of  human  heredity.    . 

HEREDITY  VS.  ENVIRONMENT 

In  ancient  Rome  we  see  that  it  was  a  race  sub- 
stitution that  led  to  the  downfall  of  the  empire. 
So  today  In  Germany  we  see  results  of  an  ethnic 
substitution  which  has  been  going  on  for  several 
hundreds  of  years  and  resulting  In  a  gradual  de- 


6S  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

cline  in  Nordic  stock.  In  America  we  already 
begin  to  see  the  political  effects  of  the  race  sub- 
stitution which  is  going  on  in  our  midst,  and  many 
are  looking  with  alarm  to  the  American  future, 
unless  something  is  done  to  counter-work  these 
things  w^hich  have  undermined  and  overthrown  one 
civilization  after  another  during  past  ages. 

IVe  must  accept  it  as  a  demonstrated  fact  that 
the  ^'melting  pot'^  of  Institutional  Democracy  can- 
not turn  an  individual  of  inferior  racial  tendencies 
into  a  citizen  who  can  functionate  on  a  level  with 
those  individuals  who  are  descended  from,  the 
racially  superior  human  stocks,  and  this  is  just  as 
true  of  America  as  it  is  of  Germany  or  any  other 
nation. 

The  results  of  education,  civilization,  and 
Christianization  are  not  dii'ectly  transmissible  by 
heredity.  Modern  biologists  believe  that  so-called 
acquired  characteristics  are  not  inherited.  Moral- 
ity is  functional  and  not  organic,  and  the  intel- 
lectual status  of  a  race  or  nation  is,  after  all,  de- 
termined more  by  the  racial  stock  and  heredity 
than  by  environmental  institutions  and  a  political 
atmosphere  of  even  so-called  democracy. 


CHAPTER  XII 

NORDIC  EGOTISM  JOINED  TO  ALPINE  STUPIDITY 

THE  German  people  are  keen  to  recognize  and 
not  slow  to  boast  about  their  Nordic  or 
Teutonic  racial  superiority,  but  they  seem  very 
slow  to  recognize  and  exceedingly  loath  to  reckon 
with  the  overwhelmingly  preponderant  Alpine 
stock  which,  as  we  have  shown,  constitutes  the  bulk 
of  the  German  peoples  of  today.  According  to 
their  own  standards,  they  are  weighed  in  the  bal- 
ance and  found  wanting,  as  shown  by  the  following 
statement  by  Woltmann:  *' Whosoever  has  the 
characteristics  of  the  Teutonic  race  Is  superior. 
.  .  .  All  the  dark  people  are  mentally  inferior, 
because  they  belong  to  the  passive  races.  .  .  . 
The  cultural  value  of  a  nation  is  measured  by  the 
quantity  of  Teutonism  It  contains." 

A  most  extraordinary  thing  developed  In  Ger- 
many In  the  last  hundred  years.  This  subtle  sub- 
jugation of  the  Teutonic  Intellect  by  the  racial 
Alpine  Invasion,  while  It  has  worked  to  produce  a 
great  military  organization,  has  resulted  In  a  great 
intellectual  and  moral  decadence;  but  the  Ger- 
manic leaders  do  not  seem  to  recognize  this  fact. 

69 


70  Loufi  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

The  spectacle  of  the  German  people  today  Is  all 
summed  up  in  this  formula:  Nordic  egotism  plus 
Alpine  stupidity. 

OUT  OF  THEIR  OWN  MOUTHS 

And  that  the  reader  may  clearly  discern  that  this 
is  not  an  unwarranted  —  an  unjustified  —  indict- 
ment, let  us  hear  the  story  of  Germanic  self-praise 
out  of  the  mouths  of  Germanic  writers  and  authori- 
ties themselves.  No  more  telling  presentation  of 
Teutonic  egotism  and  self-confidence  wedded  to 
Alpine  bad  taste  and  stupidity  could  possibly  be 
imagined  than  the  following  quotations,  taken,  in 
every  instance,  from  the  writings  of  some  recog- 
nized German  authority,  and  which  are  given  here- 
with without  comment: 

"The  German  people  is  always  right,  because 
it  is  the  German  people." — Tannenberg. 

"We  must  vanquish,  because  the  downfall  of 
Germanism  would  mean  the  downfall  of  human- 
ity."—  Konig. 

"  Germany  Is  precisely  —  who  would  venture  to 
deny  It  —  the  representative  of  the  highest  moral- 
ity, of  the  purest  humanity,  of  the  most  chastened 
Christianity." —  Francke. 

"If  Fate  has  selected  us  to  assume  the  leader- 
ship In  the  Kultur-life  of  the  peoples,  we  will  not 


Nordic  Egotism  —  Alpine  Stupidity      71 

shrink  from  this  great  and  lofty  mission." — 
Pazaurek. 

"  If  we  are  beaten  —  which  God  and  our  strong 
arm  forbid  —  all  the  higher  Kultur  of  our  hemis- 
phere, which  it  was  our  mission  to  guard,  sinks 
with  us  into  the  grave." — Hornack. 

"Our  belief  Is  that  the  salvation  of  the  whole 
Kultur  of  Europe  depends  upon  the  victory  which 
German  *  Militarism'  is  about  to  achieve." — 
Manifesto  signed  by  352  Hochschullehrer  (pro- 
fessors and  lecturers). 

"  We  must  win,  because  if  we  were  defeated  no 
one  in  the  whole  world  could  any  longer  cherish 
any  remnant  of  belief  in  truth  and  right,  in  the 
Good,  or,  indeed,  in  any  higher  Power  which 
wisely  and  justly  guides  the  destinies  of  humanity." 
—  Helm. 

"  Germany  is  the  future  of  humanity.  If  God 
is  for  us,  who  can  be  against  us?  It  is  enough  for 
us  to  be  a  part  of  God.  The  German  soul  Is  the 
world's  soul.  God  and  Germany  belong  to  one 
another.  Germany  is  the  center  of  God's  plan  for 
the  world." — Lehmann. 

"The  whole  of  European  Kultur  ....  is 
brought  to  a  focus  on  this  German  soil  and  in  the 
hearts  of  the  German  people.  It  would  be  foolish 
to  express  oneself  on  this  point  with  modesty  and 


72  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

reserve.  We  Germans  represent  the  latest  and 
the  highest  achievement  of  European  Kultur." — 
Lasson. 

GERMAN  HATE  AND  ALPINE  CRUELTY 

In  order  to  understand  the  present  performance 
of  the  German  people  and  the  cruel  behavior  of 
the  German  soldier,  certain  Important  and  Inherent 
characteristics  of  both  the  Teutonic  and  Alpine 
races  should  be  borne  In  mind: 

/ — The  Inherent  tendency  of  the  strong-minded 
Nordic  or  Teutonic  peoples  to  enter  upon  conquest, 
and  the  further  fact  that  this  strong-minded  race 
is  capable  of  Indulging  Itself  In  a  very  persistent 
and  determined  form  of  hatred. 

2 — The  natural  and  inherent  tendency  of  the 
Alpine  stock  toward  comparative  stupidity  and 
actual  brutality. 

Now,  by  putting  these  tendencies  together,  and 
considering  them  in  connection  with  the  modern 
system  of  teaching  In  the  German  schools  —  the 
teaching  of  war-worship  —  we  have  the  stage  all 
set,  both  from  the  racial  and  educational  stand- 
points, for  the  superior  Teutonic  race  to  teach  the 
beauty  of  war  and  the  legitimacy  of  brutal  torture 
to  each  succeeding  generation  of  Alpine  or  Teuton- 
ized  Alpine  children ;  and  then,  as  in  the  case  of  the 


Nordic  Egotism  —  Alpine  Stupidity      73 

present  war,  when  the  Prussian  ruling  classes  be- 
come obsessed  with  an  Inhuman  hatred,  how  beauti- 
fully the  stage  Is  set  for  them  to  turn  loose  the 
individual  Alpine  soldier  to  give  free  reign  to  his 
natural  savage  Instincts  and  his  inherent  brutal 
tendencies.  How  marvelously  wrought  and  how 
wonderfully  organized  Is  the  whole  scheme,  educa- 
tionally and  racially,  to  bring  about  the  terrible 
reign  of  Germanic  frightfulness  and  Teutonic 
ruthlessness.  And,  In  my  opinion,  we  Americans 
would  be  quite  Incapable  of  understanding  the  pres- 
ent Germanic  attempted  reign  of  terror  without 
carefully  analyzing  In  our  own  minds  and  quite 
fully  comprehending  these  foregoing  facts. 

SELF-CONDEMNATION 

And  now  that  the  reader  may  see  that  the  Ger- 
man people  themselves.  In  some  measure  at  least, 
understand  this  fact  (at  least  that  some  of  their 
more  noble  poets  and  more  civilized  philosophers 
understood  It),  I  only  need  to  cite  the  three  fol- 
lowing quotations  from  Goethe,  Heine,  and 
Vierordt.  They  tell  this  story  more  eloquently  and 
convincingly  than  I  possibly  could : 

*'  The  Prussians  are  cruel  by  nature ;  civilization 
will  make  them  ferocious." — Goethe. 

"The  Prussians  ....  nature  has  made  them 


74  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

stupid,  science  has  made  them  wicked.  The  Ger- 
mans are  much  more  revengeful  than  the  Romance 
peoples;  this  is  because  they  are  idealists,  even  in 
hatred.  We  Germans  hate  long  and  hate  deeply, 
to  our  last  breath."  —  Heine. 

*'  To  those  who  think  me  too  violent,  I  make 
this  simple  answer:  It  is  God  who  urged  me,  who 
enjoined  me  to  write  this  work  with  words  of 
power.  There  is  still  a  God  of  Force,  of  Pride, 
who  takes  a  pleasure  in  seeing  the  German 
Michael  at  last  aroused;  but  Michael,  you  still 
need  spurring.  .  .  .  This  God  has  chosen  his 
German  people  to  be  wrought  into  an  engine  of 
destruction,  to  be  hurled  against  other  people  who 
are  always  on  edge,  who  will  not  let  us  live  and 
labor  in  peace.  When  it  comes  to  fighting  these 
enemies,  then  there  are  no  longer  any  laws  of  war. 
There  is  but  one  way:  Kill,  kill,  kill  them  all!  Our 
great  poet,  Heinrich  von  Kleist,  wrote  long  ago: 
'  Kill  them ;  the  tribunal  of  the  world  will  not  ques- 
tion your  motives.'  Yes!  There  is  a  God  who 
loves  the  savage  onslaught,  and  who,  as  the  creator 
of  the  universe,  also  loves  words  that  hit  hard.  To 
this  God  the  shouts  of  the  strong  are  sweeter  than 
the  moaning  of  old  women." — Vierordt. 


CHAPTER  XIII 

THE   GERMAN   EDUCATIONAL   SYSTEM 

1  WONDER  if  the  American  people  really  un- 
derstand the  workings  of  the  modern  German 
educational  system.  In  Germany  every  college 
professor,  every  public  instructor,  down  to  the 
most  humble  teacher  employed  in  the  kindergarten, 
is  under  governmental  —  imperial  control  and  di- 
rection. 

By  means  of  this  strong,  centralized  system  and 
control,  the  Kaiser  and  his  associate  Prussian  ad- 
visers are  able  to  impress  on  the  youth  of  Germany 
any  system  of  ethics  or  military  teaching  which 
they  may  see  fit.  In  other  words,  the  educators  of 
Germany  are  in  the  direct  employ  of  the  Prussian 
military  party,  which  at  the  present  time  controls 
and  dominates  the  imperial  German  govern- 
ment. 

TEACHERS  DOMINATED  BY  THE   MILITARY 

The  slightest  deviation  from  these  policies  which 
have  been  instituted  in  Berlin  and  which  are  pre- 
scribed for  the  teachers  of  Germany  is  certain  to 
bring  swift  retribution  and  sure  punishment  from 

75 


76  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

the  German  authorities.  The  German  teacher 
knows  full  well  that  he  must  carry  out  to  the  letter 
the  plans  and  policies  dictated  by  the  Berlin 
authorities. 

It  should  still  further  be  recognized  that  the 
German  educational  scheme  does  not  promote  and 
foster  the  system  of  free  play  and  games  which 
other  countries  look  upon  as  of  such  great  value  In 
developing  the  individuality  and  initiative  of  the 
pupil.  I  can  recall  In  my  mind  now  seeing  the  long 
lines  of  German  children  being  marched  to  and 
from  their  play  and  brief  outings  In  semi-military 
fashion,  carefully  guarded  by  their  teachers.  Un- 
fortunately, the  German  system  causes  a  child  to 
look  upon  his  play  as  a  serious  thing,  as  a  means 
to  an  end;  whereas.  In  this  country,  we  teach  a 
child  to  play  a  game  just  for  the  sake  of  the 
game. 

But  perhaps  the  most  serious  flaw  In  the  whole 
German  educational  system  Is  not  so  much  the 
blighting  effect  of  the  system,  as  such,  upon  the 
independence  of  thought  and  spontaneity  of  action 
on  the  part  of  the  German  children,  as  Is  to  be 
found  In  the  additional  fact  that  the  German 
authorities  have  been  for  more  than  two  genera- 
tions using  this  system  as  the  direct  means  of  in- 
culcating the  spirit  of  war-worship  and  militarism 


German  Educational  System  11 

into  the  mind  of  every  child  educated  in  the  Ger- 
man school  system. 

TEACHING  OF  WAR-WORSHIP 

What  could  be  expected  of  German  youth  when, 
as  a  part  of  their  routine  education,  their  plastic 
minds  were  fed  upon  a  teaching  which  was  based 
upon  this  philosophy  of  military  sacredness  as  evi- 
denced by  the  following  quotations  from  leading 
Germanic  authorities,  which  are  cited  in  this  con- 
nection without  further  comment: 

"  The  appeal  to  arms  will  be  valid  until  the  end 
of  history,  and  therein  lies  the  sacredness  of  war." 
—  Treitschke. 

"  If  we  are  to  carry  on  the  warlike  education  of 
our  people  —  and  we  are  resolved  to  do  so  —  then 
we  by  that  very  fact  affirm  our  constant  readiness 
again  to  enter  upon  a  war,  as  soon  as  our  honor, 
our  inward  or  outward  growth,  or  the  expansive 
tendencies  rooted  in  the  inmost  nature  of  our 
people  demand  it." — Baumgarten. 

"There  lurks  in  our  people  something  of  the 
God-consciousness  which  inspired  the  Old  Testa- 
ment prophets.  Very  childlike,  indeed,  but  of  far 
deeper  meaning  than  he  could  guess,  was  the  say- 
ing of  a  little  boy  to  his  playmate  at  the  outbreak 
of  war:  '  I  am  not  in  the  least  afraid !    The  good 


78  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

God  will  help  us  for  He  Is  German!'" — Engel- 
brecht. 

"The  efforts  directed  towards  the  abolition  of 
war  must  not  only  be  termed  foolish,  but  absolutely 
immoral f  and  must  be  stigmatized  as  unworthy  of 
the  hinnan  race.  .  .  .  The  weak  nation  Is  to 
have  the  same  right  to  live  as  the  powerful  and 
vigorous  nation!  ...  I  must  first  of  all  ex- 
amine the  aspirations  for  peace,  which  seem  to 
dominate  our  age  and  threaten  to  poison  the  soul 
of  the  German  people.  ...  I  must  try  to  prove 
that  war  is  not  merely  a  necessary  element  in  the 
life  of  nations,  but  an  indispensable  factor  of 
Kultur,  In  which  a  truly  civilized  nation  finds  the 
highest  expression  of  strength  and  vitality." — 
Bernhardi. 

"Friedrlch  Nietzsche  was  but  the  last  of  the 
singers  and  seers  who,  coming  down  from  the 
height  of  heaven,  brought  to  us  the  tidings  that 
there  should  be  born  from  us  the  Son  of  God, 
whom  In  his  language  he  called  the  Superman. 
No  nation  in  the  world  can  give  us  any- 
thing worth  mentioning  in  the  field  of  science 
or  technology,  art  or  literature,  which  we 
would  have  any  trouble  in  doing  without.  Let 
us  reflect  on  the  Inexhaustible  wealth  of 
the  German  character,  which  contains  in  itself 


German  Educational  System  79 

everything     of     real     value     that     the     Kultur 
of  man  can  produce." —  Sombart. 

PRUSSIAN  MILITARISM  AND  TYRANNY 

Our  ethnic  study  of  the  Germanic  peoples  of 
the  present  day  reveals  the  fact  that  the  German 
Empire  consists  of  about  ten  or  twelve  per  cent  of 
the  Nordic  or  Teutonic  stock,  and  that  the  balance 
is  either  Alpine  or  mixed  Alpine  and  Nordic.  We 
have  seen,  from  a  race  standpoint,  that  this  con- 
stitutes almost  an  Ideal  arrangement  for  the 
building  up  of  a  great  and  effective  military 
machine. 

We  have  further  noted  the  fact  that  the  German 
educational  system  Is  entirely  In  the  hands  of  the 
Prussian  military  caste;  that  the  Germanic  edu- 
cators are  all  In  the  employ  of  the  State  and  under 
Imperial  control;  and,  further,  that  the  whole 
modern  educational  system  of  Germany  is  dedi- 
cated to  the  military  Idea  —  the  aggrandizement 
of  military  conquest  and  the  exaltation  of  war- 
worship. 

That  the  present-day  philosophy  of  Prussia  Is 
essentially  a  military  one  Is  further  shown  by  the 
following  direct  statements,  which  are  quoted  In 
this  connection  to  show  that  our  indictment  of 
Prusslanism  Is  justified;  that  they  really  do  believe 


80  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

in  the  military  destiny  of  Germany  under  their  con- 
trol and  direction; 

EXALTATION  OF  WAR 

"War  makes  room  for  the  competent  at  the 
expense  of  the  unsound.  War  Is  the  source  of  all 
good  growth.  Without  war  the  development  of 
nations  is  Impossible." — Wagner. 

*'The  sight  of  blood  and  wounds  steels  the 
nerves  of  the  soul;  the  horrors  of  war  stimulate 
the  spirits,  so  that  instead  of  the  falsehood  and 
cowardice  of  enervation,  the  old  heroic  virtues  are 
restored.  .  .  .  Fear  of  God,  martial  bravery, 
obedience,  uprightness  of  mind,  constancy,  truth, 
manlike  courage,  manly  pity,  and  all  that  Is  great 
and  good  in  humanity." — Lasaulx. 

*'The  army  takes  the  first  place  among  the  in- 
stitutions of  every  country.  It  alone  makes  possi- 
ble the  existence  of  all  the  other  institutions.  All 
political  and  civil  liberty,  all  the  creations  of  civili- 
zation, the  finances,  the  State  itself,  stand  and  fall 
with  the  army.  .  .  .  Perpetual  peace  is  a  dream, 
and  it  is  not  even  a  beautiful  dream.  War 
is  part  of  the  eternal  order  instituted  by  God." — 
Moltke. 

"Biology,  civilization,  idealism,  and  Christian- 
ity demand  war.    War  is  not  merely  a  necessary 


German  Educational  System  81 

element  In  the  life  of  nations,  but  an  Indispensable 
factor  of  culture,  In  which  a  truly  civilized  nation 
finds  the  highest  expressions  of  strength  and 
vitality.  .  .  .  The  brutal  Incidents  Inseparable 
from  every  war  vanish  completely  before  the 
idealism  of  the  main  results.  ...  A  pacific 
agreement  with  England  Is  a  wlll-o'-the-wisp  which 
no  serious  German  statesman  would  trouble  to  fol- 
low. We  must  always  keep  the  possibility  of  war 
with  England  before  our  eyes,  and  arrange  our 
political  and  military  plans  accordingly.  .  .  . 
France  must  be  so  completely  crushed  that  she  can 
never  again  come  across  our  path.  .  .  .  We  must 
not  hold  back  In  the  hard  struggle  for  the  sov- 
ereignty of  the  world." — Bernhardl. 

"  It  lies  In  the  nature  of  a  fully  developed  state 
—  the  history  of  all  ages  confirm  it  —  to  feel  the 
need  of  forcing  the  greatest  possible  number  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  earth  Into  the  domain  of  its  cul- 
ture. .  .  .  Highly  developed  cultural  nations 
conquer  to  educate,  to  extend  their  culture  to 
others.  .  .  .  Must  culture  build  Its  cathedrals 
on  hills  of  corpses,  seas  of  tears,  and  the  death- 
rattle  of  the  vanquished?  Yes,  It  must.  .  .  . 
Either  It  must  be  denied  that  culture  Is  a  blessing 
to  humanity,  and  dreams  of  Arcadian  simplicity 
must  be  accepted,  or  the  right  to  rule  must  be  ac- 


82  J.ong  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

corded  to  one's  nation.  In  the  latter  case,  the 
power  of  the  conqueror  becomes  the  supreme 
moral  law  to  which  the  vanquished  must  submit/' 
—  Kuhn. 


I 


CHAPTER  XIV 

PRUSSIANIZED  GERMANY 

HAVE  already  called  attention  to  the  manner 
and  methods  of  the  Prussian  militarists  in  their 
national  propaganda  of  subverting  and  brutalizing 
the  German  peoples  —  the  vast  majority  of  whom 
are  Alpine  In  their  racial  tendency.  And  now  I 
desire  to  offer  In  further  proof  and  demonstration 
of  this  despicable  and  deplorable  crime  certain 
extracts  from  a  remarkable  address  given  by  Mr. 
Otto  H.  Kahn  before  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Harrlsburg,  Pa.,  September  26,  19 17,  as  follows: 
"  I  speak  as  one  who  has  seen  the  spirit  of  the 
Prussian  governing  class  at  work  from  close  by, 
having  at  its  disposal  and  using  to  the  full  prac- 
tically every  agency  for  moulding  the  public  mind. 
''I  have  watched  It  proceed  with  relentless  per- 
sistency and  profound  cunning  to  instill  Into  the 
nation  the  demoniacal  obsession  of  power-worship 
and  world-dominion,  to  modify  and  pervert  the 
mentality — indeed,  the  very  fibre  and  moral  sub- 
stance—  of  the  German  people,  a  people  which, 
until  misled,  corrupted,  and  systematically  poisoned 
by  the  Prussian  ruling  casts,  was  and  deserved  to 

83 


84  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

be  an  honored,  valued,  and  welcome  member  of 
the  family  of  nations. 

"  I  have  hated  and  loathed  that  spirit  ever  since 
it  came  within  my  ken  many  years  ago;  hated  it  all 
the  more  as  I  saw  it  ruthlessly  pulling  down  a  thing 
which  was  dear  to  me  —  the  old  Germany  to  which 
I  was  linked  by  ties  of  blood,  by  fond  memories 
and  cherished  sentiments. 

*'  The  difference  in  the  degree  of  guilt  as  betsveen 
the  German  people  and  their  Prussian  or  Prus- 
sianized rulers  and  leaders  for  the  monstrous 
crime  of  this  war  and  the  atrocious  barbarism  of 
Its  conduct  is  the  difference  between  the  man  who, 
acting  under  the  influence  of  a  poisonous  drug,  runs 
amuck  In  mad  frenzy,  and  the  unspeakable  male- 
factor who  administered  that  drug,  well  knowing 
and  fully  intending  the  ghastly  consequences  which 
were  bound  to  follow. 

*'The  world  fervently  longs  for  peace.  But 
there  can  be  no  peace  answering  to  the  true  mean- 
ing of  the  word  —  no  peace  permitting  the  nations 
of  the  earth,  great  and  small,  to  walk  unarmed  and 
unafraid  —  until  the  teaching  and  the  leadership  of 
the  apostles  of  an  outlaw  creed  shall  have  become 
discredited  and  hateful  in  the  sight  of  the  German 
people;  until  that  people  shall  have  awakened  to  a 
consciousness  of  the  unfathomable  guilt  of  those 


Prussianized  Germany  85 


whom  they  have  followed  into  calamity  and  shame ; 
until  a  mood  of  penitence  and  of  a  decent  respect 
for  the  opinions  of  mankind  shall  have  supplanted 
the  sway  of  what  President  Wilson  has  so  trench- 
antly termed  '  truculence  and  treachery.' 

"  God  strengthen  the  conscience  and  the  under- 
standing, the  will  and  the  power  of  the  German 
people  so  that  they  may  find  the  only  road  which 
will  give  to  the  world  an  early  peace  and  in  time 
lead  Germany  back  Into  the  family  of  nations  from 
which  It  is  now  an  outcast. 

"  From  each  successive  visit  to  Germany  for 
twenty-five  years  I  came  away  more  appalled  by 
the  sinister  transmutation  Prussianism  had  wrought 
amongst  the  people  and  by  the  portentous  menace 
I  recognized  in  it  for  the  entire  world. 

*'  It  had  given  Germany  unparalleled  prosperity, 
beneficent  and  advanced  social  legislation,  and  not 
a  few  other  things  of  value,  but  It  had  taken  In 
payment  the  soul  of  the  race.  It  had  made  a 
*  devil's  bargain.' 

"And  when  this  war  broke  out  in  Europe  I  knew 
that  the  Issue  had  been  joined  between  the  powers 
of  brutal  might  and  Insensate  ambition  on  the  one 
side  and  the  forces  of  humanity  and  liberty  on  the 
other;  between  darkness  and  light. 

"  Many  there  were  at  that  time  —  and  amongst 


86  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

them  men  for  whose  character  I  had  high  respect 
and  whose  motives  were  beyond  any  possible  sus- 
picion—  who  saw  their  own  and  America's  duty  In 
strict  neutrality,  mentally  and  actually;  but  person- 
ally I  believed  from  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
whether  we  liked  all  the  elements  of  the  Allies' 
combination  or  not  —  and  I  certainly  did  not  like 
the  Russia  of  the  Czars  —  that  the  cause  of  the 
Allies  was  America's  cause. 

"I  believed  that  this  was  no  ordinary  war  be- 
tween peoples  for  a  question  of  national  Interest, 
or  even  national  honor,  but  a  conflict  between 
fundamental  principles  and  ideas,  and  so  believing 
I  was  bound  to  feel  that  the  natural  lines  of  race, 
blood,  and  kinship  could  not  be  the  determining 
lines  for  one's  attitude  and  alignment,  but  that 
each  man,  regardless  of  his  origin,  had  to  decide 
according  to  his  judgment  and  conscience  on  which 
side  was  the  right  and  on  which  was  the  wrong, 
and  take  his  stand  accordingly,  whatever  the 
wrench  and  anguish  of  the  decision.  And  thus  I 
took  my  stand  three  years  ago. 

"  For  we  Americans  of  foreign  antecedents  are 
here  not  by  the  accident  of  birth,  but  by  our  own 
free  choice  for  better  or  for  worse.  We  are  your 
fellow-citizens  because  you  accepted  our  oath  of 
allegiance  as  given  in  good  faith,  and  because  you 


Prussianised  Germany  87 

have  opened  to  us  in  generous  trust  the  portals 
of  American  opportunity  and  freedom,  and  have 
admitted  us  to  membership  In  the  family  of  Amer- 
icans, giving  us  equal  rights  In  the  great  Inheritance 
which  has  been  created  by  the  blood  and  the  toll 
of  your  ancestors,  asking  nothing  from  us  In  return 
but  decent  citizenship  and  adherence  to  those 
Ideals  and  principles  which  are  symbolized  by  the 
glorious  flag  of  America. 

"Woe  to  the  foreign-born  American  who  be- 
trays the  splendid  trust  which  you  have  reposed  In 
him: 

"  Woe  to  him  who  considers  his  American  citi- 
zenship merely  as  a  convenient  garment  to  be  worn 
in  fair  weather,  but  to  be  exchanged  for  another 
one  In  time  of  storm  and  stress : 

"Woe  to  the  German-American,  so  called,  who, 
in  this  sacred  war  for  a  cause  as  high  as  any  for 
which  ever  people  took  up  arms,  does  not  feel  a 
solemn  urge,  does  not  show  an  eager  determination 
to  be  In  the  very  forefront  of  the  struggle ;  does  not 
prove  a  patriotic  jealousy,  In  thought.  In  action,  and 
in  speech,  to  rival  and  to  outdo  his  native-born 
fellow-citizen  In  devotion  and  in  willing  sacrifice 
for  the  country  of  his  choice  and  adoption  and 
sworn  allegiance,  and  of  their  common  affection 
and  pride. 


88  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

"As  Washington  led  Americans  of  British  blood 
to  fight  against  Great  Britain,  as  Lincoln  called 
upon  Americans  of  the  North  to  fight  their  very- 
brothers  of  the  South,  so  Americans  of  German 
descent  are  now  summoned  to  join  In  our  country's 
righteous  struggle  against  a  people  of  their  own 
blood,  which,  under  the  evil  spell  of  a  dreadful 
obsession,  and.  Heaven  knows,  through  no  fault  of 
ours,  has  made  Itself  the  enemy  of  this  peace- 
loving  nation,  as  it  Is  the  enemy  of  peace  and 
right  and  freedom  throughout  the  world.'' 


CHAPTER  XV 

THE  kaiser's  dream  OF  WORLD  POWER 

WE  CONSTANTLY  hear  Americans  ex- 
pressing themselves  as  opposed  to  sending 
troops  to  fight  in  Europe,  Americans  who  don't 
believe  in  mixing  in  with  the  European  quarrel, 
etc.  Our  fellow-citizens  who  feel  this  way  do  not 
understand  that  the  struggle  of  the  present  hour  is 
not  merely  an  European  quarrel ;  neither  is  it  simply 
a  gigantic  European  struggle  into  which  a  succes- 
sion of  nations  have  been  gradually  drawn;  but 
rather  is  this  a  world-wide  conflict,  even  in  a 
greater  sense  than  were  the  wars  of  Alexander, 
Caesar,  Charlemagne,  or  Napoleon.  This  Is  a 
struggle  In  which  all  the  forces  of  all  clvinzatlon 
are  united  In  a  supreme  effort  to  prevent  the 
Prussian  Kalserism  of  Germany  from  realizing  its 
long-cherished  dream  of  autocratic  dominion  and 
world  empire. 

Germany's  wicked  ambitions 

Already,  In  the  quotations  given  from  German 
authorities,  have  we  caught  a  glimpse  of  this  dream 
pf  world  domain ;  but  that  such  a  vision  has  really 


90  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

encompassed  the  mind  of  the  Kaiser,  that  such 
dreams  really  occupy  the  mind  of  the  Prussian 
military  overlords  of  the  long-suffering  and  patient 
Germans,  cannot  longer  be  doubted  after  reading 
the  following  eight  or  ten  direct  quotations  from 
German  writers  and  authorities: 

"  Today  nothing  is  more  urgent  than  this  —  that 
the  will  to  conquer  the  world  should  take  posses- 
sion of  the  whole  German  people."  —  Grabowsky. 

"  Germany,  as  the  preponderant  Power  in  a 
Great  German  League,  will  with  this  war  attain 
world-supremacy."  —  Theuden. 

'VThe  triumph  of  the  greater  Germany,  which 
some  day  must  dominate  all  Europe,  Is  the  single 
end  for  which  we  are  fighting."  —  William  II. 

"The  German  ....  must  conquer;  and  when 
once  he  has  conquered  —  today  or  in  a  hundred 
years  ....  no  duty  is  more  urgent  than  that  of 
forcing  the  German  language  upon  the  world."  — 
Chamberlain. 

"After  all,  It  Is  obviously  the  meaning  of  history 
that  the  white  race  under  the  leadership  of  the 
Teutons  should  attain  a  real  and  definite  domina- 
tion of  the  world." — Die  Ziikunft. 

"  Our  next  war  will  be  fought  for  the  highest 
interests  of  our  country  and  of  mankind.  This 
will  invest  it  with  importance  in  the  world's  his- 


Dream  of  World  Power  91 

tory.  '  World  power  or  downfall  I  *  will  be  our 
rallylng-cry."  —  Bernhardi. 

''  Not  only  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  but  all  France 
and  Europe  as  well  as  the  whole  worlds  will  belong 
to  us.  Yes,  the  whole  world  will  be  German. 
Often,  walking  the  woods  of  my  Fatherland,  have 
I  dreamed  of  this  supremacy."  —  Heine. 

"We  hope  that  a  great  mission  will  be  allotted 
to  us  Germans  ....  and  this  German  mission  Is: 
to  look  after  the  world.  Is  it  arrogance  to  write 
such  a  phrase?  Is  it  vanity  In  the  disguise  of  a 
moral  Idea  ?     No,  no,  and  again  no."  —  Traub. 

"  It  Is  Germany's  task  today  to  pass  from  the 
position  of  an  European  Power  to  that  of  a  World 
Power.  The  German  people  must  take  possession 
of  Central  Africa,  Asia  Minor,  and  finally  of  the 
southern  half  of  South  America." — Tannenberg. 

V7H0  STARTED  THE  WAR  AND  WHY? 

It  is  pretty  widely  understood,  and  generally 
conceded  by  all  parties  concerned,  that  Germany 
deliberately  Incited  the  present  world  military  con- 
flagration; that  she  thought  the  time  had  come  to 
strike,  and  that  she  seized  upon  the  Serbian  Incident 
as  a  fit  occasion  for  backing  up  Austria  and  pre- 
cipitating the  present  world  conflict. 

There  are  many  different  methods  of  proving 


92  Long  Heads  aiid  Round  Heads 

that  the  guilt  of  the  war  rests  at  Germany's  door, 
and  while  numerous  statements  could  be  here  cited 
in  proof  of  this,  perhaps  the  following  from  the 
writings  of  Harden  In  the  autumn  of  19 14  Is  suffi- 
cient to  serve  our  purpose  at  this  time  and  to  show 
that  the  guilt  Is  self-confessed: 

"That  Germans  do  not  fit  Into  the  bustle  of 
peaceable  nations  Is  the  proudest  ornament  of  the 
German  character.  Their  manhood  does  not 
feminize  Itself  in  long  peace.  War  has  always 
been  their  chief  business.  .  .  .  Germany  means 
to  grow,  to  coin  the  achievements  of  its  men  and 
its  States  Into  rights  of  sovereignty  before  which 
every  head  must  bow  in  reverent  greeting.  Ger- 
many is  striking.  Who  gave  her  leave?  Her 
right  is  In  her  might.  Therefore  she  Is  waging 
a  good  war.  .  .  .  We  are  not  waging  war  to 
punish  countries,  nor  to  free  enslaved  peoples  and 
then  warm  ourselves  In  the  consciousness  of  our 
unselfish  nobility.  We  are  waging  war  because 
of  our  solid  conviction  that  Germany,  In  view  of 
her  achievements,  has  the  right  to  demand  and 
must  obtain  more  room  on  the  earth  and  a  broader 
sphere  of  action.  .  .  .  Now  the  hour  has  struck 
for  German  supremacy.  A  peace  that  does  not 
secure  this  will  leave  our  efforts  unrewarded. 
.  .  .  We  shall  stay  in  the  Belgian  lowlands,  to 


Dream  of  World  Power  93 

which  we  shall  add  the  narrow  coast  strip  to  and 
beyond  Calais.  .  .  .  From  Calais  to  Antwerp, 
Flanders,  Limburg,  and  Brabant,  up  to  and  includ- 
ing the  chain  of  forts  on  the  Meuse,  are  to  be 
Prussian." — Maximilian  Harden,  in  Die  Zukunft, 


CHAPTER  XVI 

PRUSSIAN  CONTEMPT  FOR  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

THE  world  has  come  to  recognize  that  the 
Prussian  government  looks  only  with  con- 
tempt upon  national  treaties  and  other  solemn 
contracts.  The  present  rulers  of  Germany  look 
down  In  disdain  upon  the  sacred  obligations  of 
international  law.  The  German  military  system 
does  not  permit  itself  to  be  in  the  least  handicapped 
or  fettered  by  any  of  the  so-called  rules  of  civilized 
warfare. 

Not  only  do  we  observe  that,  by  practice  and 
performance,  Germany  has  made  herself  an  Inter- 
national outlaw  —  an  outcast  among  the  civilized 
countries  of  the  earth,  so  much  so  that  more  than 
a  score  of  nations  have  already  declared  war  upon 
her  —  I  say,  not  only  do  the  cruel  and  barbarous 
acts  of  the  German  military  machine  justify  this 
universal  and  world-wide  contempt,  but  a  perusal 
of  the  following  quotations  from  leading  German 
authorities  will  show  that  German  militarists, 
philosophers,  and  educators  have  been  for  half  a 
century  Inculcating  this  very  disrespect  for  inter- 
national law  into  the  minds  and  hearts  of  each 

94 


Contempt  for  International  Lazv        95 

successive  generation.  Read  what  BernhardI, 
Treltschke,  and  Hartmann  have  to  say  on  the  sub- 
ject of  international  law  and  the  rules  of  civilized 
warfare: 

'^MITTEL  EUROPA'' 

'*  We  can  Increase  our  power  by  joining  to  Ger- 
many those  middle  European  States  which  are  at 
present  Independent,  forming  a  Central  European 
Union  which  ....  should  have  the  purpose  of 
defense  and  offense  for  promoting  the  Interests  of 
all  Its  members.  This  object  can  In  all  probability 
be  realized  only  after  a  victorious  war."  —  Bern- 
hardI. 

**  In  the  division  of  the  non-European  world 
among  the  European  powers  Germany  has  always 
hitherto  failed  to  get  Its  share;  and  the  question 
whether  we  can  become  an  oversea  Power  Involves 
our  existence  as  a  Power  of  the  first  rank.  If  we 
cannot,  we  face  the  horrible  prospect  that  England 
and  Russia  will  divide  the  world  between  them." 
—  Treltschke. 

"  Military  action  must  be  determined  solely  in 
accordance  with  those  conditions  which  usually  pre- 
vail In  war;  In  this  sense  its  procedure  Is  completely 
ruthless.  For  the  individual  soldier  murder  and 
ill-treatment,  robbery  and  pillage,  are  crimes  and 


96  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

offenses  whether  committed  In  war  or  In  peace. 
It  goes  without  saying  that,  In  actual  warfare,  it 
Is  hardly  ever  possible  to  draw  a  sharp  line  between 
these  two  courses  of  action  on  the  part  of  the 
fighting  forces.  Rights  which  the  war  power  has 
to  respect  can  exist  only  In  so  far  as  they  are  ex- 
pressly conceded,  recognized,  or  maintained  by 
that  power.  ...  If  the  war  power  admits  duties, 
It  Imposes  them  upon  Itself  by  virtue  of  Its  own 
supremacy;  It  does  not  regard  them  as  Imposed 
upon  Itself  by  any  external  authority.  Uncondi- 
tioned freedom  of  military  action  In  war  Is  an 
Indispensable  condition  of  military  success.  This 
Is  the  principle  which  must  be  evoked  from  a  mili- 
tary point  of  view  against  every  effort  to  fetter 
action  by  an  international  law  of  war." — General 
Hartmann. 

GERMANIC  DECEIT  AND  DISHONOR 

That  solemn  treaties  with  the  nations  are  mere 
"  scraps  of  paper  "  is  not  a  new  doctrine  In  Prussia. 
That  deception  and  faithlessness  are  not  incom- 
patible with  national  self-respect  and  honor  has 
long  been  taught  the  German  people  by  their 
Prussian  overlords  and  military  masters. 

That  **  necessity  knows  no  law,"  and  that  Ger- 
man might  In  Itself  constitutes  the  height  of  moral 


Contempt  for  International  Laiv        97 

mandate,  is  the  very  quintessence  of  modern  Ger- 
man philosophy.  Read  these  confessions  of 
deceit  and  dishonor  and  then  see  how  small  a  thing 
it  was  for  Germany  to  violate  Belgium's  neu- 
trality: 

"All  written  constitutions  are  only  scraps  of 
paper.''  —  Frederick  William  iv. 

"  If  there  Is  anything  to  be  gained  by  it,  we  will 
be  honest;  if  deception  Is  necessary,  let  us  be 
cheats." — Frederick  ii. 

"  It  Is  natural,  and  within  certain  limits,  politi- 
cally a  matter  of  course,  that  the  German  Emperor 
should  have  thought  that,  until  Germany  had  a 
strong  fleet,  we  must  try  to  keep  on  good  terms 
with  England,  and  even,  on  occasion,  to  make 
concessions."  —  Reventlow. 

"  Gentlemen,  we  are  now  In  a  state  of  necessity 
of  self-preservation,  and  necessity  knows  no  law. 
Our  troops  have  occupied  Luxemburg  and  perhaps 
have  already  entered  Belgian  territory.  Gentle- 
men, that  is  a  breach  of  International  law.  .  .  . 
The  wrong — I  speak  openly  —  the  wrong  we 
thereby  commit  we  will  try  to  make  good  as  soon 
as  our  military  alms  have  been  attained."  —  Beth- 
mann-Hollweg,  August  4,  19 14. 

*'  It  Is  necessary  to  distinguish  between  public 
and  private  morality.     Since  the  State  is  power, 


98  Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

the  relative  importance  of  duties  must  be  quite 
different  for  it  and  for  the  individual.  For  the 
State,  self-assertion  is  the  greatest  of  the  com- 
mandments; for  it,  this  is  absolutely  moral.  And 
for  this  reason  It  must  be  declared  that  of  all  polit- 
ical sins  the  most  abominable  and  the  most  con- 
temptible is  vi^eakness;  this  Is,  In  politics,  the  sin 
against  the  Holy  Ghost.  .  .  .  Moreover,  every 
sovereign  State  has  the  undoubted  right  to  declare 
war  at  Its  pleasure,  and  Is  consequently  entitled  to 
repudiate  Its  treaties.*'  —  Treitschke. 


CHAPTER  XVII 

"might  is  right" THE   LAW  OF  THE  JUNGLE 

GERMANY  was  one  time  Christian  in  its 
morals  and  humanitarian  in  its  philosophy, 
and  in  order  to  justify  the  Prussian  propaganda 
of  war-worship,  conquest,  and  frightfulness,  a  new 
priesthood  of  state  military  priests  and  paid  phil- 
osophers had  to  be  developed  and  fostered,  and  in 
this  task  the  Prussians  were  easily  and  thoroughly 
successful. 

And,  in  proof  of  the  new  religion  of  Germany, 
of  the  new  ethics  of  Prussia,  that  "  might  is  right," 
we  can  cite  numerous  authorities  without  having 
the  trouble  to  quote  from  Nietzsche  and  his  diabol- 
ical doctrines  of  the  Superman.  And  so  to  show 
that  today,  in  the  standards  of  the  German  nation, 
might  is  regarded  as  the  equivalent  of  right,  we 
have  only  to  cite  the  following  authorities: 

THE  NEW  LAW  OF  FORCE 

*'  In  the  age  of  the  most  tremendous  mobiliza- 
tion of  physical  and  spiritual  forces  the  world  has 
ever  seen,  we  proclaim  —  no,  we  do  not  proclaim 

99 


100         I.ouc)  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

It,  but  it  reveals  itself  —  the  Religion  of  StrengtH." 
—  Prof.  Delssmann. 

"What  does  right  matter  to  me?  I  have  no 
need  of  It.  What  I  can  acquire  by  force,  that  I 
possess  and  enjoy;  what  I  cannot  obtain,  I  re- 
nounce, and  I  set  up  no  pretensions  to  Indefeasible 
right.  ...  I  have  the  right  to  do  what  I  have  the 
power  to  do."  —  Stirner. 

''Let  us  drop  our  pitiable  efforts  to  excuse  Ger- 
many's actions;  let  us  cease  heaping  contemptible 
Insults  upon  the  enemy.  Not  against  our  will 
were  we  thrown  Into  this  gigantic  adventure.  It 
was  not  Imposed  on  us  by  surprise.  We  willed  It; 
we  were  bound  to  will  It.  We  do  not  appear  be- 
fore the  tribunal  of  Europe;  we  do  not  recognize 
any  such  jurisdiction.  Our  force  will  create  a  new 
law  In  Europe.  It  is  Germany  that  strikes. 
When  It  shall  have  conquered  new  fields  for  its 
genius,  then  the  priests  of  all  the  gods  will  exalt 
the  war  as  blessed."  —  Harden. 

"  The  law  of  the  strong  holds  good  everywhere. 
...  A  so-called  small  State  Is  not  a  State  at  all, 
but  only  a  tolerated  community,  which  absurdly 
pretends  to  be  a  State.  .  .  .  The  lesser  States 
have  rights  only  In  so  far  as  they  possess  a  power 
of  resistance  that  must  be  taken  Into  account. 
.  .  .  Since  almost  every  part  of  the  globe  Is  Inhab- 


*' Might  Is  Right''  101 

ited,  new  territory  must,  as  a  rule,  be  obtained 
at  the  cost  of  its  possessors  —  that  is  to  say,  by 
conquest,  which  thus  becomes  a  law  of  necessity. 
...  In  such  cases  might  gives  the  right  to  occupy 
or  to  conquer.  Might  is  at  once  the  supreme 
right,  and  the  dispute  as  to  what  is  right  is  decided 
by  the  arbitrament  of  war."  —  Bernhardi. 

BARBARIC  RUTHLESSNESS 

The  subject  of  German  ruthlessness  and  Prus- 
sian barbarism  needs  little  or  no  proof  outside  of 
Germany's  military  conduct  in  the  present  war; 
but,  in  order  to  show  that  her  cruelties  were  pre- 
meditated—  that  they  are  part  of  the  Prussian 
military  system  —  one  needs  only  to  go  through 
the  present-day  literature  of  her  poets,  philoso- 
phers, and  professors  to  find  the  incriminating 
evidence.  How  could  any  people,  especially 
those  with  Alpine  racial  susceptibility,  be  other 
than  cruel  and  ruthless  when  fed  upon  such  teach- 
ings as  the  following  extracts  are  representative  of: 

"  In  case  any  of  the  Inhabitants  fire  upon  soldiers 
of  the  German  army,  one-third  of  the  male  popu- 
lation will  be  shot."  —  Notice  posted,  Hasselt, 
Belgium,  August  17,  19 14. 

"The  soldier  must  be  hard.  Grow  hard,  war- 
riors!    It  is  better  to  let  a  hundred  women  and 


102         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

children  belonging  to  the  enemy  die  of  hunger 
than  to  let  a  single  German  soldier  suffer."  —  Gen. 
von  dcr  Goltz. 

"  If  neutrals  were  destroyed  so  that  they  disap- 
peared without  leaving  any  trace,  terror  would 
soon  keep  seamen  and  travelers  away  from  the 
danger  zones  and  thus  save  many  lives."  —  Prof. 
Flamm. 

"Beginning  with  today,  no  more  prisoners  are 
to  be  taken.  All  prisoners  are  to  be  put  to  death. 
The  wounded,  whether  armed  or  not,  are  to  be 
put  to  death.  Prisoners  even  where  they  are 
organized  in  large  units,  are  to  be  put  to  death. 
No  living  man  is  to  remain  behind  us."  —  Gen. 
Stenger,  August  26,  19 14. 

DELIBERATE  RUTHLESSNESS 

"At  the  present  time  war  must  be  conducted 
much  more  ruthlessly  and  much  more  violently, 
and  it  must  come  much  nearer  to  affecting  the  en- 
tire population  than  has  previously  been  the  case. 
.  .  .  Military  situations  necessarily  vary  and  mili- 
tary problems  are  therefore  subject  to  personal 
judgment,  which  can  recognize  no  other  law  than 
that  of  military  necessity."  —  Hartmann. 

"You  know  very  well  that  you  are  to  fight  against 
a  cunning,  brave,  well-armed  and  terrible  enemy. 


Might  Is  Right"  103 


If  you  come  to  grips  with  him  be  assured  quarter 
will  not  be  given,  no  prisoners  will  be  taken.  Use 
your  weapons  in  such  a  way  that  for  a  thousand 
years  no  Chinese  shall  dare  to  look  upon  a  German 
askance.  Be  as  terrible  as  Attila's  Huns."  — 
William  II,  Speech  to  the  Chinese  Expeditionary 
Forces,  July  27,  1900. 

"We  are  not  only  compelled  to  accept  war 
....  but  are  even  compelled  to  carry  on  this  war 
with  a  cruelty,  a  ruthlessness,  an  employment  of 
every  imaginable  device,  unknown  in  any  previous 
war.  .  .  .  Whoever  cannot  prevail  upon  himself 
to  approve  from  the  bottom  of  his  heart  the  sink- 
ing of  the  Lusltania  —  whoever  cannot  conquer  his 
sense  of  the  gigantic  cruelty  to  unnumbered  per- 
fectly innocent  victims  ....  and  give  himself  up 
to  honest  delight  at  this  victorious  exploit  of  Ger- 
man defensive  power  —  him  we  judge  to  be  no  true 
German."  —  Baumgarten. 

''Hatred,  delight  in  mischief,  rapacity  and  am- 
bition, and  whatever  else  is  called  evil,  belong  to 
the  marvelous  economy  of  the  conservation  of  the 
race.  One  must  ....  resist  all  sentimental 
weakness.  Life  Is  In  Its  essence  appropriation.  In- 
jury, the  overpowering  of  whatever  is  foreign  to 
us  and  weaker  than  ourselves,  suppression,  hard- 
ness, the  forcing  upon  others  of  our  own  forms, 


104         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

the  Incorporation  of  others,  or,  at  the  very  least 
and  mildest,  their  exploitation.  .  .  .  Verily,  ye 
good  and  just;  much  In  you  Is  laughable,  and  most 
of  all  your  fear  of  what  hath  hitherto  been  called 
'  devil '.  .  .  .  I  guess  that  you  will  call  my  Super- 
man '  devil' I  " —  Nietzsche. 

SELF-CONFESSED  GERMAN  MILITARY   CRUELTY 

That  the  Prussian  propaganda  of  war-worship 
and  "might  Is  right"  has  served  the  purpose  of 
unleashing  the  latent  barbarism  and  the  Inherent 
cruelty  in  the  breast  of  the  Alpine  soldier  Is  borne 
out  by  the  following  extracts,  which  are  but  a  few 
of  many  that  might  be  cited  in  this  connection,  and 
which  are  made  from  letters  found  on  dead  or 
captured  soldiers.  Many  of  these  letters  are  too 
awful  to  read,  but  extracts  from  just  a  few  will 
serve  to  show  the  reader  how  fruitful  has  been 
the  effort  of  the  Germans  to  harden  the  hearts 
and  debase  the  morals  of  the  young  manhood  of 
the  nation: 

"The  captain  called  us  about  him  and  said: 
'  In  the  fort  that  Is  to  be  taken  there  are,  In  all 
probability.  Englishmen.  I  do  not  wish  to  see  a 
single  English  prisoner  In  the  hands  of  the  com- 
pany.'"—  Officer,  85th  Inf.,  9th  Corps. 

Courcy,  October  22.     "The  village   and  the 


''Might  Is  Right"  105 

workingmen's  houses  here  are  thoroughly  looted 
and  ruined.  Atrocious!  After  all,  there  is 
something  in  what  is  said  about  German  barba- 
rians."—  Z ,  78th  Inft.,  loth  Corps. 

"  Those  who  were  able  to  walk  were  made  pris- 
oners and  taken  along;  those  who  were  seriously 
wounded,  who  had  a  shot  in  the  head  or  in  the 
lungs,  etc.  .  .  .  and  were  not  able  to  get  up,  re- 
ceived more  bullets  to  finish  them.  These  were 
our  orders."  —  Reservist  Fahlenstein,  34th  Fusi- 
leers,  Second  Army  Corps. 

"  I  am  sending  you  a  bracelet  made  out  of  a 
piece  of  shell.  This  will  be  a  fine  souvenir  of  a 
German  warrior,  who  has  gone  through  the  whole 
campaign  and  has  killed  heaps  of  Frenchmen.  I 
have  also  bayoneted  a  good  number  of  women. 
During  the  battle  of  Budonwiller,  I  did  away  with 
four  women  and  seven  young  girls  in  five  minutes. 
The  captain  had  told  me  to  shoot  these  French 
sows,  but  I  preferred  to  run  my  bayonet  through 
them." — Letter  from  Johann  Wenger. 

*'They  are  shot  down  from  the  trees  like  squir- 
rels, and  below  they  are  warmly  greeted  with 
rifle-butts  and  side  arms;  they  need  no  surgeons. 
.  .  .  No  quarter  is  given.  A  Frenchman  turning 
over,  calls  for  quarter  but  is  pinned  to  the  earth. 
.  .  .  Very    soft-hearted    men    put    the    French 


106         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

wounded  out  of  their  misery  with  bullets;  the 
others  hew  and  stab  whenever  they  can.  ...  At 
the  entrance  of  their  leafy  shelter  huts  they  He, 
whining  for  mercy;  but  whether  they  are  slightly 
or  mortally  wounded,  our  brave  musketeers  save 
the  Fatherland  the  costly  care  of  numerous  ene- 
mies."—  Officer  Klemp,  In  letter,  attested  by 
Lieut,  de  NIem. 

GERMAN  PLANS  FOR  SPREADING  DISEASE  AND 
PESTILENCE 

A  short  time  ago  the  United  States  government 
gave  out  information  to  the  effect  that  Germany 
had  perfected  plans  for  the  cultivation  of  the 
microbes  of  Asiatic  cholera  and  other  pestilences, 
and  was  planning,  through  her  secret  agents,  to 
inoculate  the  water  supply  and  otherwise  to  bring 
about  the  Infection  of  the  Allied  armies. 

And  now  come  the  revelations  of  William  le 
Queux,  publishing  the  letters  of  Albrecht  Zuber 
showing  how  he  was  actually  employed  by  one 
Rudolph  Rahl  to  cultivate  these  microbes,  and  thus 
the  whole  exposure  —  this  whole  revelation  of  Ger- 
manic f rightfulness  —  acquires  the  real  background 
of  truth  and  definite  information. 

But  Is  not  this  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  teach- 
ings of  the  German  authorities  herein  cited?  Have 


''Might  Is  Right''  107 

they  not  been  trained  that  all  methods  of  extermin- 
ating, crippling,  or  destroying  their  opponents  is 
legitimate?  Why  should  their  scruples  hesitate 
when  it  comes  to  a  simple  matter  of  cultivating 
disease  microbes  in  a  laboratory,  and  then  by 
inoculating  the  food  or  water  supply  of  their 
enemies  through  their  well-organized  system  of 
secret  agents,  I  say  why  should  they  hesitate  at 
such  a  simple  procedure  as  this  when  they  have 
already  in  their  philosophy  thrown  overboard  all 
the  rules  of  civilized  warfare,  humanity,  and  com- 
mon decency? 


CHAPTER  XVIII 

THE  GERMAN  "SUPERMAN" 

THE  German  so-called  "Superman"  is  turn- 
ing out  not  to  be  a  man  at  all,  or  if  so,  a 
barbarian.  The  product  of  all  of  the  German's 
painstaking  industrial  and  technical  labor  has 
proven  to  be  (owing  to  the  loss  of  morals  and 
ideals),  not  a  super-civilized  man  but  a  cruel  and 
murderous  beast.  The  further  proof  that  a  moral 
deterioration  has  been  taking  place  in  the  German 
system  is  convincingly  shown  by  the  fact  that  the 
Germans,  while  priding  themselves  on  the  posses- 
sion of  such  a  superior  Kultur,  are  almost  wholly 
unable  to  comprehend  the  viewpoint  of  the  other 
nations.  They  seem  to  be  peeved  and  astounded 
that  any  nation  should  criticize  their  acts  in  Bel- 
gium, that  anybody  should  complain  at  their 
continuous  campaign  of  rape,  arson,  plunder,  and 
murder. 

TEUTONIC  EGOTISM 

The  civilized  peoples  have  simply  spoiled  Ger- 
many. Because  of  the  way  in  which  she  has 
worked  out  practical  details  —  because  they  were 

108 


The  German  ''Superman"  109 

a  great  nation  of  technologists  —  all  the  world 
has  flocked  to  their  borders  just  as  surgeons  are 
wont  to  patronize  a  free  and  open  clinic.  And 
so  because  Germany  has  proved  herself  to  be  a 
clearing-house  of  the  world  in  many  branches  of 
industry,  science,  and  art,  she  has  fallen  into  the 
erroneous  opinion  that  she  was  the  originator  of 
all  these  things  which  caused  so  many  people  to 
come  to  Germany  to  observe  and  to  study. 

And  so  Teutonic  egotism  has  steadily  been  held 
up  to  the  point  where  the  Kaiser  and  his  advisers 
think  this  whole  world  revolves  on  a  German 
pivot  and  that  what  Germany  does  in  the  realm  of 
International  morals  —  that  what  the  Prussian 
military  system  may  do  as  regards  the  rules  of 
warfare  is  right  because  Germany  does  It  and  so  the 
German  people  seem  to  have  taken  it  for  granted 
that  the  civilized  v/orld  would  take  their  atrocious 
military  conduct  as  something  goad  and  commend- 
able just  because  It  was  "made  in  Germany." 

The  Germans  have  said  that  the  time  would 
come  when  the  civilized  world  would  bow  down 
on  Its  knees  before  Germanic  Kultur,  and  since 
this  whole  scheme  of  ruthlessness  is  a  part  of  Ger- 
man Kultur,  these  Teutons  are  amazingly  shocked 
that  the  world  has  the  audacity  to  question  their 
conduct  or  challenge  their  right  to  prosecute  a 


110         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

war,  while  ignoring  all  principles  and  laws  which 
have  hitherto  guided  and  controlled  civilized 
nations  in  their  methods  of  warfare. 

If  we  are  to  believe  that  consummate  egotism 
—  a  "swelled  head"  —  is  characteristic  of  the 
Superman,  then  he  has  long  been  on  earth,  and  the 
Germans  are  not  entitled  to  the  exclusive  honor 
of  his  parentage. 

ORGANIZATION  AND  PREPAREDNESS 

And  the  German  of  today  is  not  even  a  Super- 
man in  a  military  sense,  for  their  initiative  in  the 
war  is  due,  as  can  clearly  be  seen,  to  their  forty 
years  of  diligent  study  and  unparalleled  prepara- 
tion. Once  let  the  Frenchman,  Englishman,  or 
the  American  become  trained  and  prepared,  not 
necessarily  with  forty  years  of  accumulated  pre- 
paredness but  with  only  one  or  two  years,  and 
experience  has  shown  that  the  soldiers  of  these 
nations  become  at  least  the  equal,  if  not  the  supe- 
rior, of  even  the  faithfully  obedient  and  doggedly 
perseverant  round-headed  Alpine  soldier  who  goes 
to  make  up  the  rank  and  file  of  the  German  army. 

In  Germany  they  may  apply  the  title  of  "  Super- 
man" to  faithless  diplomats,  deceitful  editors, 
craven  professors,  brutal  soldiers,  and  their  de- 
graded spies  who  blow  up  Industrial  plants,  wreck 


The  German  *' Superman'*  111 

trains,  torpedo  passenger  vessels,  and  bomb  hos- 
pitals; but  here  In  America  we  are  wont  to  charac- 
terize such  people  as  sneak-thleves,  criminals, 
crooks  and  murderers.  We  do  not  call  the  likes  of 
these  culprits  Supermen,  nor  do  we  look  upon  them 
as  qualified  to  rule  all  the  earth.  No,  our  estimate 
of  such  characters  Is  shown  by  the  fact  that  their 
statues  do  not  adorn  our  public  squares  and  parks, 
but  their  photographic  likenesses  do  ornament  the 
walls  of  our  "  rogues'  galleries." 
-■'  Maybe  the  Germans  would  seek  to  prove  the 
Superman  by  their  world-wide  spy  system  and  their 
cunning  detective  system  organized  to  promote 
their  plans  for  the  conquest  of  the  world.  We 
know  from  many  unfortunate  experiences  here  In 
America  that  this  spy  system  was  a  thoroughly 
organized  machine,  but  its  efficiency  lay,  not  In  the 
brilliancy  of  its  organizers  or  In  the  acumen  of  Its 
Individual  operatives,  but  rather  In  the  fact  that 
the  Germans  had  had  plenty  of  time  and  money  to 
bring  about  their  intrigues,  plans,  and  prepara- 
tions. When  the  American  secret  service  got 
busy,  it  did  not  take  long  to  uncover  the  world- 
wide German  duplicity  and  deception;  and  It  does 
not  suggest  that  Bernstorff  was  a  Superman  when 
we  learn  that  for  over  a  year  and  a  half  one  or  two 
of  his  most  trusted  employes  were  American  de- 


112         Long  Heads  and  Roniid  Heads 

tectlves.    The  doctrine  of  the  Superman  Is  a  Ger- 
man auto-deluslon  —  It  Is  simply  Supermania. 

MILITARY  INSANITY 

The  German  Superman  Is  a  Prussian  bugaboo, 
a  part  of  the  Germanic  scheme  of  overawing,  ter- 
rorizing, and  dominating  first  the  simple  German 
people,  and  then  the  whole  world. 

In  this  country,  certain  unbalanced  Individuals 
often  get  the  idea  that  they  are  either  Julius  Caesar 
or  Napoleon  Bonaparte.  They  often  become 
obsessed  with  the  Idea  that  they  are  commanders 
of  great  armies  and  are  destined  to  rule  the  world. 
We  are  wont  to  lock  such  peculiar  Individuals  up 
in  places  we  call  "Insane  asylums"  where  their 
trusty  guards  may  humor  them  In  their  military 
delusions;  but  In  Germany,  It  seems  that  when  the 
Prussian  rattles  his  scabbard,  draws  his  sword, 
christens  himself  the  "elect"  of  all  the  earth  and 
starts  out  on  the  conquest  of  the  world  —  why, 
it  appears  that  In  Prussia  they  call  such  a  war-mad 
individual  the  Superman. 

THE  SURVIVAL  OF  THE  FITTEST 

The  biological  doctrine  of  the  "  survival  of  the 
fittest"  Is  merely  a  formulation  or  statement  of 
what  happens  In  raw  nature  —  what  happens  In  the 


TJie  German  ''Superman"  113 

animal  world  and  among  uncivilized  and  barbarous 
peoples.  In  modern  civilization  it  is  not  always 
the  "  fit "  which  "  survive."  One  civilization  may 
triumph  over  another,  not  because  it  is  more  "fit" 
or  superior,  but  because  it  may  be  either  more 
virile,  more  brutal,  or,  perchance,  better  organized 
and  possess  greater  racial  or  national  solidarity. 
The  "  survival  of  the  fittest,"  while  it  may  be  In  a 
way  good  physical  law,  Is  not  a  doctrine  which  is 
either  moral  or  civilized.  Of  course,  it  is  true 
that  modern  society  may  have  later  on  to  pay  a 
severe  penalty  for  conspiring  with  both  science  and 
philanthropy  to  bring  about  the  survival  of  the 
unfit,  by  the  manner  In  which  we  see  sentimental 
humanltarianism  practiced  in  some  places  today 
along  certain  medical  and  charitable  lines.  The 
*' survival  of  the  fittest"  Is  Indeed  the  law  of  the 
jungle,  but  the  civilized  nations  and  democracies 
of  the  present  hour  I  believe  will  never  consent  to 
return  to  either  jungle  ethics  or  barbarian  morals. 
I  think  there  are  many  noble  men  and  women 
In  this  world  who  are  fit  to  survive,  who  deserve 
to  live,  and  who  would  prove  a  blessing  to  their 
fellows  —  to  the  world  —  but  who  might  not  be 
able  to  survive  In  any  hand-to-hand  struggle  with 
such  a  physical  specimen  of  humanity  as  a  modern 
prize  fighter  or  even  a  General  von  HIndenburg. 


114         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

SURVIVAL  OF  THE  WORTHIEST 

Civilization  Is  nothing  more  nor  less  than  a 
steady,  organized,  continuous  effort  to  substitute  for 
the  law  of  the  jungle,  the  "  survival  of  the  fittest," 
the  superior  law  of  humanity  —  the  survival  of 
the  worthiest.  I  do  not  believe  that  the  so-called 
German  Kultur  of  today  represents  all  that  Is  best 
and  most  worthy  In  modern  civilization.  I  do 
believe  that  the  German  military  organization  is 
the  most  perfect  and  fit  of  its  kind  on  the  earth, 
but  when  we  weigh  In  the  balance  the  culture  of 
the  civilized  nations  of  the  world  against  the  Kul- 
tur of  the  Germanic  peoples  which  has  crystallized 
itself  Into  those  teachings  and  doctrines  which  have 
culminated  In,  and  borne  the  fruit  of,  their  marvel- 
ously  efficient  and  terribly  cruel  military  machine, 
then,  I  do  not  for  one  moment  hesitate  to  align 
myself,  body,  soul,  and  spirit  with  those  forces 
which  are  to  struggle  In  defense  of  civilized  culture 
in  its  mortal  combat  for  the  overthrow  of  the  bar- 
barous German  Kultur  —  the  law  of  the  jungle. 


CHAPTER  XIX 

GERMANY  A  MENACE  TO  THE  WORLD'S  PEACE  AND 
PROSPERITY 

WHEN  we  look  at  the  problems  arising  out 
of  the  present  world-war,  when  we  study 
the  racial  constitution  of  the  present-day  Germanic 
peoples,  and  when  we  carefully  weigh  In  the  bal- 
ances of  our  own  reason  and  judgment  the  vital 
issues  that  are  at  stake  and  which  hinge  on  the  out- 
come of  this  terrible  conflict,  we  are  forced  to 
recognize  that  from  whatever  angle  we  view  the 
present  German  Empire  —  we  are  forced  to  recog- 
nize that  modern  Germany  Is  a  world  menace. 

Germany  Is  a  menace  not  only  to  the  world's 
peace  and  prosperity,  but  to  the  liberty  of  nations 
and  the  democracies  of  the  world.  She  Is,  as  we 
shall  see  presently,  also  a  menace  to  science  and 
art,  not  to  mention  religion  and  morals.  Yes, 
Indeed,  the  present  Prussian  autocracy  Is  a  menace 
to  civilization  itself. 

GERMANY  AN  INTERNATIONAL  OUTLAW 

No  nation,  no  people,  can  go  on  In  the  quietude 
of  Its  own  culture  and  engage  in  the  up-building 

115 


llC)         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

of  Its  industries  and  furtherance  of  Its  peaceable 
pursuits  as  long  as  the  German  military  establish- 
ment Is  permitted  to  survive.  The  peace  and  the 
prosperity  of  the  whole  world  have  been  jeopard- 
ized by  Germany  for  a  generation,  and  are  now 
destroyed  by  premeditated  German  military  at- 
tack, and  will  continue  to  be  jeopardized  —  yes, 
the  world  will  resolve  Itself  Into  one  great  armed 
camp  —  just  as  long  as  Kaiserism  and  Prusslanism 
are  permitted  to  come  out  of  this  war  unwhipped 
and  undestroyed. 

We  have  quoted  several  times  from  Nietzsche, 
and  be  it  remembered  that  at  least  one  German 
professor  sung  his  praises  as  a  prophet  come 
down  from  high  heaven  to  the  German  people ;  but 
we  venture  to  give  one  more  quotation  from  this 
writer's  philosophy  which,  if  believed  by  any  pow- 
erful, self-assertive  nation  the  equal  of  modern 
Germany,  cannot  do  otherwise  than  produce  a 
nation  which  as  long  as  It  is  militarily  well  organ- 
ized and  intact  —  will  forever  remain  a  menace  to 
the  world's  peace  and  prosperity  —  that  Is,  just 
so  long  as  that  people  continue  to  believe  in  and 
allow  themselves  to  be  deceived  and  guided  by 
these  nefarious  Prussian  teachings  and  ambitions. 
Nietzsche  says:  ''The  Infliction  of  an  injury, 
forcible  subjugation,  exploitation  or  annihilation 


A  Menace  to  World's  Peace  117 

Is  not  in  Itself  a  wrong;  cannot  be  such  since  life  in 
its  essence,  In  Its  primary  functions,  Is  nothing  but 
oppression  and  annihilation.  Conditions  of  Jus- 
tice can  never  be  anything  but  exceptional  condi- 
tions, that  is,  as  limitations  of  the  real  desire  of 
life,  the  object  of  which  is  power.  The  fight  is 
not  for  life  or  existence,  but  for  power.  Life  does 
not  seek  self-preservation,  but  self-increase  or 
*will  to  power.'  The  love  of  fighting  is  for  Its 
own  sake,  in  contrast  to  the  modern  humanitarian 
view.  Spare  not  thy  neighbor.  Say  not,  I  will 
do  unto  others  as  I  would  they  should  do  unto  me. 
Do  not  believe  thou  mayest  not  rob.  Christian 
piety  and  ideals  of  equality  and  peace  are  impos- 
sible, since  life  is  nothing  but  inequality  and  war." 


GERMANY  A  MENACE  TO  THE  WORLD's  LIBERTY 


This  war  is  a  clear-cut,  life-and-death  struggle 
between  democracy  and  autocracy,  between  the 
*'  rule  of  the  people "  and  the  "  divine  right  of 
kings."  The  German  government — yes,  and,  as 
at  present  taught  and  deceived,  even  the  German 
people  (at  least  a  vast  majority  of  them)  — still 
believe  in  the  "  divine  right  of  kings,"  and  in  proof 
of  this  statement  let  me  cite  an  extract  from  the 
speech  of  William  ll  (or  rather  a  quotation  from 


118         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

his  proclamation  to  the  Army  of  the  East  in  19 14), 
as  follows: 

"Remember  that  you  are  the  chosen  people! 
The  Spirit  of  the  Lord  has  descended  upon  me 
because  I  am  the  Emperor  of  the  Germans !  I  am 
the  instrument  of  the  Almighty.  I  am  His  sword, 
His  agent.  Woe  and  death  to  all  those  who  shall 
oppose  my  will !  Woe  and  death  to  those  who 
do  not  believe  in  my  mission!  Woe  and  death  to 
the  cowards!  Let  them  perish  —  all  the  enemies 
of  the  German  people!  God  demands  their  de- 
struction; God,  who  by  my  mouth  bids  you  to  do 
His  will!" 

And  this  shows  the  folly  of  those  Americans 
who  sit  back  and  advocate  that  we  shall  wait  until 
the  Germans  get  In  our  country  and  then  take  up 
the  fight.  No !  A  powerful  military  conqueror, 
dominated  with  the  obsession  of  a  World  Empire, 
Is  engaged  In  a  deliberate  and  premeditated  strug- 
gle with  all  the  world  to  effect  its  overthrow  and 
bring  about  Its  domination.  We  have  reached  the 
time  when,  owing  to  the  attitude  of  Germany,  the 
world  cannot  go  on  half  democratic  and  half  auto- 
cratic. It  will,  at  the  end  of  this  present  titanic 
struggle,  be  either  all  democratic  or  eventually  all 
autocratic;  and  It  Is  against  such  a  day  as  this  that 
the  American   Republic  has  been  nurtured   and 


A  Menace  to  World's  Peace  119 

made  strong  by  a  kind  Providence,  that  it  may  now 
throw  the  mighty  force  of  its  combined  man  and 
money  power  into  the  scale  against  the  wicked 
aggressor  of  nations;  and  let  us  hope  that  by  and 
through  the  effectiveness  of  our  forces,  though 
tardy  in  arriving,  we  shall  be  able  so  to  turn  the 
scales  of  battle  as  to  make  the  world  hereafter 
and  forever  a  *'  safe  place  for  democracy.'* 

GERMANY  A  MENACE  TO  DEMOCRACY 

Liberty  and  freedom  —  the  democracies  of  the 
world  —  can  never  be  safe  as  long  as  Germany  be- 
lieves in,  and  is  willing  to  fight  in  defense  of,  such 
pohtical  teachings  as  those  of  General  Bernhardi, 
who  said:  *'Our  people  must  learn  to  see  that 
the  maintenance  of  peace  never  can  or  may  be  the 
goal  of  a  policy.  None  of  the  wars  which  Fred- 
erick the  Great  fought  had  been  forced  upon  him; 
none  of  them  did  he  postpone  as  long  as  possible. 
The  right  to  fight  becomes  the  duty  to  make  war. 
Right  is  respected  so  far  only  as  is  compatible 
with  advantage.  Might  is  the  supreme  right, 
and  to  dispute  as  to  what  is  right  is  decided  by 
the  arbitrament  of  war." 

Of  course,  I  am  aware  that  some  Germans  in 
this  country  have  endeavored  to  disown  Bernhardi ; 
yet  he  is  so  influential  in  Germany  that  the  Crown 


120         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

Prince  declared  that  "  Every  German  ought  to  read 
Bernhardl's  book,"  while  his  Germany  and  the 
Next  JVar  Is  the  real  Bible  of  the  German  war 
office.  And  whether  or  not  Germans  should  read 
It,  I  know  full  well  that  many  Americans  would  be 
wonderfully  enlightened  and  rudely  awakened  If 
they  would  but  read  this  book. 

And  now  It  Is  Indeed  encouraging  that  certain 
so-called  German-Americans  have  recognized  the 
evil  of  this  Prussian  poison  and  the  autocratic 
nature  of  the  German  government,  and  they  have 
set  about  to  organize  what  they  call  the  "  Friends 
of  German  Democracy."  They  set  down  as  their 
object  "The  rendering  of  moral  and  material  aid 
to  the  forces  and  leaders  of  Germany  striving  to 
obtain  self-government  for  the  German  people." 
And  these  men  recognize  what  the  German  gov- 
ernment really  Is,  for  In  their  Initial  appeal  they 
draw  this  terrible  Indictment  against  Prusslanism: 
"The  Prussian  dynasty  today  Is  the  autocratic 
ruler  of  Germany.  The  army  swears  fealty  to 
the  Emperor  and  not  to  the  people.  The  Emperor 
is  the  commander-in-chief,  with  absolute  po'wers. 
.  .  .  No  change  In  the  Imperial  constitution  is  pos- 
sible against  the  will  of  fourteen  members  of  the 
federal  council  (bundesrath),  and  as  eighteen 
members  of  the  council  are  appointed  by  the  Emv 


Photo   from    Underwood   &    Underwood,   N.    Y. 

GENERAL  VON  LUDENDORFF 

General  von  Liidendorff  is  of  Nordic  ancestry,  and  his 
record  in  the  war  discloses  him  as  an  excellent  type  of  that 
great  race.  He  has  the  brains  to  plan,  and  the  will  and  the 
power  to  execute.  He  represents  the  long-headed  type  of 
German. 


A  Menace  to  World's  Peace  121 

peror,  none  can  be  made  without  the  assent  of  the 
Emperor.  .  .  .  The  reichstag  Is,  In  effect,  a  de- 
bating society  reflecting  public  opinion  for  the 
benefit  of  the  dynasty  and  Its  leading  men,  and  Is 
not  a  co-ordinate  branch  of  the  government.  .  .  . 
,The  spirit  of  democracy  In  Germany  never  has 
been  dead,  but  Its  assertion  since  1848  has  uni- 
formly resulted  In  the  punishment  of  the  courage- 
ous defenders  of  Its  Ideals." 

Whatever  the  shortcomings  of  democracy,  we 
must  stand  for  Its  defense.  George  Washington 
knew  enough  to  refuse  a  crown  as  an  American 
king.  He  probably  had  sufficient  foresight  to 
look  down  Into  the  twentieth  century  and  note  how 
little  crowns  would  be  worth  In  this  day  and  age  of 
the  world,  for  If  Germany  loses  this  present  fight 
for  the  "divine  right  of  kings,"  European  crowns 
win  be  quoted  at  astonishingly  low  prices.  I  am 
in  accord  with  the  man  who  said,  "While  I've 
never  been  a  democrat,  I  would  pay  more  for  one 
of  Woodrow  Wilson's  old  hats  than  for  the  best 
crown  In  Europe." 

Ambassador  Gerard,  In  summing  up  his  conclu- 
sions on  Germany,  says:  "On  the  cold  northern 
plains  of  Germany  there  exists  an  Autocracy, 
deceiving  a  great  people,  poisoning  their  minds 
from  one  generation  to  another  and  preaching  the 


122         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 


virtue  and  necessity  of  war;  and  until  that  Autoc- 
racy is  either  wiped  out  or  made  powerless,  there 
can  be  no  peace  on  earth." 


I 


CHAPTER  XX 

GERMANY  A  MENACE  TO  SCIENCE  AND  ART 

T  IS  a  mistaken  notion,  but  one  long  fostered 
by  the  Germans,  that  Germany  is  the  fountain- 
head  of  science.  It  is  true,  in  science  and  also  to  a 
degree  even  in  art  and  literature,  that  Germany  has 
in  the  last  fifty  years  become  the  world's  clearing- 
house for  classified  knowledge  and  practical  pro- 
cedure in  the  realms  of  science  and  higher  educa- 
tion; and,  as  we  have  already  noted,  it  is  because 
of  this  fact  that  the  German  people  have  deceived 
themselves  Into  believing  that  they  were  the  orig- 
inators of  all  this  vast  body  of  knowledge  of  which 
they  have  become  the  world's  most  expert  classi- 
fiers and  utilizers. 

ALPINES  NOT  INVENTORS 

There  Is  a  certain  percentage  of  inventive  Nor- 
dic and  Mediterranean  genius  In  Germany,  but  it 
has  been  devoted  more  largely  In  the  past  genera- 
tion to  bringing  about  military  preparedness  than 
to  original  achievements  In  science  and  Invention. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  round-headed  Alpine  race 
never  has  been  noted  for  Its  Inventive  genius.     It 

123 


124         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

is  true  that  the  Alpines  carried  the  bronze  industry 
during  the  Bronze  Age  all  over  Europe  and  on 
even  into  Ireland,  but  they  did  not  invent  bronze. 
The  bronze  weapons  which  they  so  successfully 
utilized  in  their  migrations  over  Europe  were 
elaborated  in  Egypt. 

And  in  those  days,  centuries  ago,  the  Alpines, 
just  as  they  are  doing  today,  took  the  inventions  of 
science  and  the  arts  of  peace  and  turned  them  with 
almost  magical  rapidity  into  the  destructive  chan- 
nels of  warfare  and  barbarism.  The  Egyptians 
made  tools  of  the  newly  invented  bronze,  but  the 
Alpines  seized  upon  it  as  an  implement  of  destruc- 
tion and  by  it  effected  their  final  expansion  over  all 
Europe. 

One  great  basic  discovery  does,  however,  rest 
to  the  credit  of  the  round-heads,  and  that  is  the  dis- 
covery of  iron.  Our  earliest  knowledge  locates 
the  discovery  of  iron  at  Hallstatt,  a  little  town  of 
Tyrol,  where  its  culture  flourished  about  1500  B.C. 
While  the  Alpines  discovered  iron,  it  was,  never- 
theless, the  inventive  and  aggressive  Nordic  race 
that  benefited  most  by  its  use,  for  these  new  iron 
weapons  were  used  by  these  northern  barbarians 
with  terrible  and  destructive  effectiveness  when 
they  turned  them  against  their  Alpine  instructors. 
It  was  the  metal  sword  which  enabled  the  Nordics 


A  Menace  to  Science  and  Art  125 

finally  to  conquer  the  Alpines  of  all  central  Europe, 
and  then  subsequently  to  overrun  and  almost  de- 
stroy the  civilization  of  the  northern  Mediter- 
ranean peoples.  This  process  of  conquering  and 
assimilating  the  Alpines  must  have  long  continued, 
for  it  was  so  thoroughly  accomplished  that  the  very 
existence  of  the  Alpines  as  a  separate  race  or  sub- 
species of  man  was  practically  forgotten  for  thou- 
sands of  years,  and  was  only  revealed  in  later 
years  by  the  science  of  skull  measurements. 

GERMANY  THE  IVIASTER  IMITATOR 

The  Germans  are  also  accustomed  to  take  credit 
for  the  scientific,  literary,  and  artistic  work  accom- 
plished by  the  citizens  of  other  races  and  nations 
who  happen  to  be  residing  in  Germany  —  who 
have  come  to  Germany  as  the  great  research  arena 
of  modern  civilization. 

An  Englishman  discovered  the  process  of  mak- 
ing coal  tar  dyes,  but  it  was  the  Germans  who  put  it 
to  practical  use  and  so  highly  developed  it.  To- 
day the  average  Englishman  really  thinks  that  the 
Germans  discovered  the  process  of  dye-making. 

All  the  implements  of  warfare  used  by  Germany 
today  in  her  successful  military  operations  were 
invented  outside  of  Germany.  The  only  possible 
exception  to  this  would  be  the  Zeppelin,  which, 


126         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

after  all,  has  proved  to  be  a  military  failure. 
Even  the  balloon,  the  basis  of  the  Zeppelin,  was 
invented  by  a  Frenchman. 

Neither  have  the  Germans  been  such  wonderful 
musical  composers.  An  examination  of  the  so- 
called  musical  genius  of  Germany  will  reveal  a 
great  many  names,  like  that  of  Rubinstein,  which 
indicate  merely  that  some  Jew  or  person  of  other 
nationality  lived  and  studied  and  wrought  in 
Germany. 

UTILIZE  AMERICAN  AND  ENGLISH  INVENTIONS 

An  American  can  invent  a  machine  —  produce 
something  entirely  original  —  and  in  five  or  ten 
years  he  has  to  go  over  to  Germany  to  learn  how 
to  use  it  efficiently  and  economically.  There  is 
no  denying  that,  when  it  comes  to  the  scientific 
application  of  inventions  and  the  labors  of  other 
peoples,  this  Teutonized-Alpine  mongrel  race  is  a 
marvel,  a  downright  wonder. 

It  is  not  even  to  the  credit  of  the  Germans  that 
they  discovered  and  first  used  trench  warfare.  In 
other  words,  these  modern  Alpines  are  the  most 
expert  adapters  and  prolific  imitators  of  any 
people  on  the  face  of  the  earth  —  unless  it  is 
the  Japanese. 

Even  this  "survival  of  the  fittest"  doctrine  of 


A  Menace  to  Science  and  Art  127 

German  Kultur,  and  which  they  have  so  over- 
worked and  so  terribly  perverted,  was  not  the 
Invention  of  a  German,  but  of  a  modest,  unassum- 
ing Englishman  named  Charles  Darwin. 

The  Germans  boast  of  the  biological  aspects  of 
their  culture  system,  but  It  was  Pasteur  and  other 
Frenchmen  who  really  developed  the  application 
of  biological  science  to  human  affairs.  In  medi- 
cine and  surgery  and  allied  sciences,  while  they 
have  produced  many  wonderful  workers,  there 
stands  but  one  or  two  great  original  think- 
ers—  VIrchow,  the  pathologist,  and  Berring, 
the  discoverer  of  antitoxin  who,  after  all  was 
a  Jew. 

Only  In  one  thing,  just  one  isolated  field,  has  the 
modern  German  proven  himself  to  be  the  Super- 
man, the  peer  or  superior  of  his  fellow  mortals, 
and  that  Is  In  the  grim  business  of  war  —  there  and 
there  alone  does  the  German  excel. 

LITERATURE  AND  ORIGINALITY 

And  so  if  we  follow  back  in  the  lanes  of  litera- 
ture and  art  and  science,  we  would  find  the  Ger- 
mans conspicuous  by  their  absence.  Fulton,  who 
invented  the  steamboat,  was  an  American.  The 
locomotive  was  invented  by  Stevenson,  an  English- 
man; the  telegraph  by  Morse,  an  American;  and 


128         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

wireless  telegraphy  by  Marconi,  an  Italian,  who, 
by  the  way,  had  a  British  mother.  The  telephone 
was  invented  by  Bell,  an  American.  Holland, 
the  American,  devised  the  submarine  as  well  as  its 
torpedo.  The  machine  gun  was  invented  by 
Maxim,  another  American;  while  those  two  Amer- 
ican boys,  the  Wrights,  invented  the  airplane. 
And  last,  but  not  least,  even  the  method  of  making 
steel  used  at  the  Krupp  Gun  Works  had  to  be  dis- 
covered by  Bessemer,  an  Englishman.  You  can 
make  a  list  of  twenty-five  of  the  world's  greatest 
Inventions,  and  Investigation  will  show  that  not 
a  one  was  invented  by  this  Teutonized-Alpine  race 
of  Germany. 

And  so  we  see  that  the  domination  of  the  world 
by  the  so-called  German  Kultur  would  ere  long 
bring  an  end  to  the  wonderful  and  brilliant  era  of 
Inventiveness  which  characterized  the  latter  half 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  which  still  shines 
upon  the  world  at  the  dawn  of  the  twentieth  cen- 
tury. The  Germans  would  without  question  bring 
about  a  more  practical,  effective  utilization  and 
employment  of  the  world's  scientific  Inventions  and 
scientific  accomplishments.  If  such  a  calamity 
should  ever  occur  —  If  such  a  misfortune  should 
befall  humanity  as  to  give  these  non-inventive  Al- 
pines the  control  of  the  world  —  we  would  indeed 


A  Menace  to  Science  and  Art         129 

see  a  better  employment  of  the  inventions  at  pres- 
ent in  existence,  but  we  should  also  witness  the 
early  disappearance  of  the  racial  stock  and  the 
strain  of  genius  which  has  been  able  to  give  birth 
to  these  new  and  original  inventive  creations. 


CHAPTER  XXI 

GERMANY  A  MENACE  TO  THE  WORLD's  RELIGION 
AND  MORALS 


IT  IS  not  enough  to  say  that  the  morals  of  Ger- 
many are  unchristian;  they  are  decidedly 
inhuman.  And,  if  the  ethics  of  the  Germany  of 
today  are  to  prevail  —  if  German  Kultur  is  to 
dominate  the  world  —  then  I  think  it  may  truly 
be  said  that  the  Prussianized  German  Empire 
jeopardizes  the  religions  and  morals  of  the  whole 
world. 

Heine's  ghastly  prophecy 

Long  before  this  war  began,  in  writing  of  the 
moral  metamorphosis  taking  place  in  Germany, 
Heine  said:  "Christianity  has  in  some  degree 
softened,  but  it  could  not  destroy  the  brutal  Ger- 
man joy  of  battle.  When  once  the  taming  talis- 
man, the  Cross,  breaks  in  two,  the  savagery  of 
the  old  fighters  will  gush  up  afresh.  That  talis- 
man is  decayed,  and  the  day  will  come  when  it  will 
piteously  collapse.  Then  Thor,  with  his  giant's 
hammer,  will  at  last  spring  up  and  shatter  to  bits 
the  Gothic  cathedrals." 

130 


A  Menace  to  Religion  and  Morals      131 

How  true  was  Heine's  prophecy,  how  literally 
true,  as  regards  the  Gothic  cathedrals.  The  Teu- 
ton of  the  twentieth  century  is  truly  reverting,  in 
his  religious  Ideals,  back  to  the  barbarous  view- 
point and  the  brutal  level  of  his  strong,  but  wicked, 
ancestors  of  a  former  age.  The  Kaiser  has  gone 
back  in  his  theology  and  ethical  ideals  to  the  days 
of  Joshua  —  three  thousand  years  ago  —  he  has 
created  a  Tribal  German  God  to  bless  his  armies 
and  curse  his  enemies. 

How  even  non-Chrlstlans  look  upon  Germany's 
moral  decadence  was  beautifully  Illustrated  not 
long  ago,  when  a  patient  of  mine,  a  Jew,  in  dis- 
cussing the  base  morals  of  Germany,  said:  "In 
religion,  I  am  not  a  Christian,  I  am  a  Jew.  But 
I  would  fight  at  the  drop  of  the  hat  to  defend  the 
Christian  Cross  and  what  it  standsJor,  against  the 
Germanic  Iron  Cross  and  what  it  stands  for." 

GERMAN    MORAL  DECADENCE 

It  is  not  merely  that  the  Germans  have  repu- 
diated international  law  and  abandoned  all  at- 
temps  at  civilized  warfare,  but  it  is  indicative  of 
a  decadence  of  morals  —  of  a  positive  religious 
decline  —  that  this  supposedly  civilized  race  could 
embark  upon  such  a  protracted  campaign  of  kill- 
ing innocent  civilians,  ravishing  women,  bombard- 


132        Long  Heads  and  Ronnd  Heads 

ing  cathedrals,  burning  towns,  annihilating  chil- 
dren, poisoning  wells,  enslaving  and  exiling  cap- 
tives, and,  last  but  not  least,  in  their  retreats 
taking  away  droves  of  young  French  girls  to 
administer  to  the  base  passions  of  the  German 
soldier.  And  be  It  remembered  that  this  latter 
event  (taking  young  girls  to  the  front)  has  been 
officially  admitted  by  the  German  authorities,  ad- 
mitting, at  least  in  one  case,  that  eight  and  one-half 
per  cent  of  the  girls  were  under  seventeen  years 
of  age,  and  promising  to  send  these  very  young 
women  back  from  the  army  front,  where  they 
were  supposed  to  be  employed  In  some  sort  of 
military  activity.  The  Germans  are  spiritually 
color-blind  and  morally  cross-eyed. 

The  Apostle  Paul  taught  that  man  had  a  dual 
nature,  spiritual  and  animal,  and  In  his  letter  to 
the  Romans  he  speaks  of  the  ever-present  struggle 
between  the  two.  It  has  been  the  business  of  the 
Christian  religion  —  of  all  non-pagan  religions  — 
to  subdue  this  beast,  to  chain  him,  to  civilize  him, 
in  every  way  possible  to  hold  him  In  leash,  and 
thus  to  permit  the  higher  moral.  Intellectual  and 
spiritual  powers  of  the  individual  and  of  the  race 
to  develop  and  gain  the  ascendency  over  the  grosser 
and  baser  elements  and  tendencies.  This  Is  the 
mission  of  education,  civilization,  and  of  Christian- 


A  Menace  to  Religion  and  Morals      133 

izatlon.  But  the  Prussian  policy  is  diametrically 
opposed  to  this.  The  Prussians  have  made  It  their 
business  to  unchain  this  beast  which  lurks  In  the 
breast  of  every  man,  to  give  It  unlicensed  range  of 
action  in  times  of  war.  They  have  studied  how  to 
develop  Its  barbarous  fury.  They  have  deliberately 
capitalized  the  latent  brutality  that  lurks  in  the 
human  breast  as  a  part  of  their  program  of  fright- 
fulness  which  should  scare  the  world  Into  speedy 
submission  to  Germanic  domination.  And  how 
easily,  how  well  they  have  succeeded,  Belgium, 
Poland,  Servia,  Roumania,  and  Armenia  all  bear 
mute  testimony,  not  to  recall  the  slaughter  of 
hostages,  outrages  upon  girls  of  all  ages,  and, 
finally,  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania  and  the  almost 
unbelievable  execution  of  Nurse  Cavell.  - 

That  the  Germans  have  long  been  restive  under 
the  restraints  of  civilized  sentiment  and  the  moral 
standards  of  Christianity,  and  have  longed  to 
break  away  from  the  influence  of  these  teachings, 
is  further  shown  by  the  following  extract  from  one 
of  their  most  highly  respected  teachers:  *'  It  will 
always  redound  to  the  glory  of  Machlavelll  that 
he  has  placed  the  State  on  a  solid  foundation  and 
freed  It  and  Its  morality  from  the  moral  precepts 
taught  by  the  Church.  German  intellect  has  wres- 
tled for  centuries  against  Christianity.     Must  she 


134        Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

forever  submit  to  this  alien  creed  and  borrow  her 
religion?  Germany,  while  preparing  for  a  world 
empire,  must  also  prepare  to  create  a  world  reli- 
gion. It  may  be  described  as  the  religion  of 
Valor." — Trietschke. 


CHAPTER  XXII 

GERMANY  A   MENACE  TO  AMERICAN    SECURITY 

WHILE  we  talk  about  going  into  this  war 
as  an  aid  to  France  and  in  payment  of  our 
debt  of  gratitude  to  the  French  people;  while  we 
altogether  truthfully  talk  about  entering  this 
struggle  because  it  is  a  fight  of  the  democracies 
of  the  world  against  the  remaining  powerful  and 
military  autocracy;  while  we  enumerate  all  these 
high  and  holy  reasons  for  our  warfare  against 
Germany,  let  us  be  thoroughly  honest  and  sincere 
with  ourselves  and  recognize  that  the  first  and 
foremost  and  the  greatest  of  all  reasons  for  our 
going  into  this  war  —  and  for  staying  in  it  until 
we  see  it  through  to  a  successful  finish  —  is  the 
fact  that  Germany,  as  it  stands  today,  constitutes 
a  perpetual  menace  against  American  security.  In 
other  words,  and  in  plain  English,  the  fundamental 
reasons  for  our  being  in  this  war  are  purely  and 
entirely  selfish.  We  are  not  going  to  lose  sight  of 
all  these  other  good  and  perhaps  sufficient  reasons 
for  entering  the  struggle,  but  we  will  rest  our  posi- 
tion upon  the  fundamental  fact  that  we  are  en- 
gaged in  a  defensive  warfare,  and  that  we  are 

135 


136         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

occupied  with  a  struggle  whose  primary  objects 
are  the  defense  of  the  American  Republic  against 
Insult,  Intrigue,  Invasion,  military  occupancy,  and, 
possibly,  overthrow  —  If  we  waited  until  such  a 
time  as  Germany  had  subjugated  the  European 
democracies  and  we  were  forced  to  fight  on  our 
own  soil,  single-handed  and  alone,  as  she  came 
fresh  and  well  seasoned,  the  victorious  conqueror 
of  all  the  rest  of  the  world. 

GERMAN   DISDAIN    FOR   AMERICAN    CULTURE 

Germany  not  only  unduly  magnifies  her  own 
culture  and  civilization,  but  she  looks  down  with 
a  peculiar  contempt  upon  the  American  people. 
I  recall  well  a  discussion  with  a  German  surgeon 
not  many  years  ago  In  Berlin  regarding  the  high 
pinnacle  on  which  German  medical  science  was 
supposed  to  rest.  After  some  talking  back  and 
forth,  he  suddenly  confronted  me  with  this  ques- 
tion: "If  German  surgery  Is  not  superior  to  all 
other  surgical  practice  on  the  face  of  the  earth, 
then  why,  let  me  ask,  why  do  you  and  other  Amer- 
ican surgeons  come  to  Germany  to  study  and 
observe  our  work?'*  And  I  am  going  to  narrate 
here  the  frank  statement  I  made  at  that  time,  about 
as  follows :  "  I  come  to  Germany,  not  because  you 
are  the  great  Inventors  or  originators  of  surgical 


A  Menace  to  American  Security       137 

procedure,  but  because  you  are  the  most  patient, 
persistent,  and  industrious  practitioners  of  the  sur- 
gical science  of  the  world ;  because  you  are  the  most 
thorough  in  working  out  Its  steps.  Its  strong  points, 
and  its  weak  points;  I  come  because  If  I  had  my- 
self devised  or  invented  an  operation  in  America 
ten  years  ago,  I  could  probably  come  over  here  to 
Germany  today  and  find  out  better  how  to  perform 
it,  because  of  your  system  of  thoroughness;  and, 
further,  because  of  your  State  system  of  working- 
men's  Insurance  and  compensation  which  puts  so 
many  of  your  surgeons  In  the  hands  of  the  State 
where  they  can  do  most  anything  they  want  to 
anybody  (there  being  no  malpractice  redress  open 
to  the  patient)  ;  and,  still  further,  I  come  because 
you  have  everything  wide  open  here,  and  so  one 
can  see  almost  everything  that  any  surgeon  does; 
because  you  are  the  surgical  clearing-house  of  the 
world;  because  of  the  facility  and  ease  with  which 
I  may  gain  access  to  the  good  surgery  which  you 
do.  But  bear  in  mind,  you  are  not  the  originators 
of  all  this  technique  which  you  so  industriously 
utilize  and  which  you  so  freely  put  on  exhibition 
for  the  education  of  your  own  students  and  those 
from  other  lands."  But  I  could  not  convince  him. 
He  remained  obdurate,  and  that  is  because  he  has 
been  taught  that  our  civilization  and  our  culture 


138         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

and  science  are  greatly  inferior  to  his.  He  has 
been  educated  in  schools  where  sentiments  like  the 
following  are  a  part  of  the  regular  course  of 
instruction:  "It  is  hardly  conceivable  that  in  the 
former  British  colonies  in  America  any  civilization 
can  be  produced  that  will  stand  morally  (sic!)  on 
the  same  plane  with  the  old  civilization  of  Europe." 
—  Treitschke.  While,  at  the  same  time,  In  the 
public  school  system  of  America  we  have  been 
carrying  pages  in  our  readers  and  sections  In  our 
histories  laudatory  to  the  Kaiser  personally  and 
fulsome  In  praise  of  modern  German  culture ! 

GERMAN  IMMIGRANTS   IN  AMERICA 

The  German  government  seeks  to  keep  the 
German  immigrant,  wherever  he  may  go  on  the 
face  of  the  earth,  as  a  potential  German  citizen. 
Politically,  they  seek  to  have  these  Germans  act 
In  the  Interests  of  the  German  Empire  and  In 
furtherance  of  the  world-dominion  ambition  of  the 
Prussian  Emperor.  The  political  activities  of  these 
American  citizens  of  German  extraction  can  only 
be  deleterious  to  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  the 
American  Commonwealth.  Please  note  the  fol- 
lowing extract  from  the  writings  of  one  of  their 
leaders  In  this  connection:  "The  further  duty  of 
supporting  the  Germans  In  foreign  countries  In 


A  Menace  to  American  Security       139 

their  struggle  for  existence,  and  of  thus  keeping 
them  loyal  to  their  nationality,  is  one  from  which, 
in  our  direct  interests,  we  cannot  withdraw.  The 
isolated  groups  of  Germans  abroad  greatly  bene- 
fit our  trade,  since  by  preference  they  obtain  their 
goods  from  Germany;  but  they  may  also  be  useful 
to  us  politically,  as  we  discover  in  America.  The 
American-Germans  have  formed  a  political  alli- 
ance with  the  Irish,  and,  thus  united,  constitute  a 
power  in  the  State  with  which  the  government 
must  reckon." — Bernhardi. 

Germany's  hostile  attitude 

At  one  time,  in  making  an  address  to  his  troops 
before  sending  them  forth  on  a  military  expedi- 
tion in  connection  with  the  present  European  con- 
flict, and  before  we  had  declared  war  on  Germany, 
the  Kaiser  distributed  a  map  of  the  world  show- 
ing the  extent  of  the  proposed  German  Empire, 
and  the  word  "  Germania  "  was  printed  across  the 
face  of  North  America,  the  "  G  "  on  San  Francisco 
and  the  "A"  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard. 

The  Zimmermann  note  of  January  19,  1917, 
addressed  to  the  German  Minister  In  Mexico, 
which  has  become  so  well  known  to  the  reading 
public  that  It  hardly  needs  to  be  quoted,  and  in 
which  the  German  government  sought  to  effect  an 


140         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

alliance  between  Mexico  and  Japan  against  our 
country,  is  further  evidence  of  the  attitude  of  the 
German  government  toward  the  American  people. 
They  did  not  hesitate  to  begin  to  parcel  out  our 
territory  while  we  were  yet  a  neutral  nation. 

I  do  not  doubt  for  one  minute  that  if  Germany 
should  come  out  victorious  in  the  present  struggle 
that  sooner  or  later  we  should  be  attacked,  directly 
or  indirectly  —  perhaps  through  Canada,  if  the 
British  Empire  should  fall  —  by  the  powerful  Ger- 
man autocracy;  and  I,  therefore,  believe  most  sin- 
cerely and  intensely  that  the  American  people  are 
now  engaged  in  a  solemn  and  sacred  struggle  for 
the  maintenance  of  our  national  liberty  and  the 
perpetuation  on  the  American  continent  (and,  for 
that  matter.  In  the  whole  world)  of  a  democ- 
racy—  a  "government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  and  for  the  people." 

Remember,  a  German  naval  commander  told 
Admiral  Dewey,  during  the  Spanish-American 
war,  that  In  about  fifteen  years  Germany  would 
start  a  great  war  and  that  the  Germans  would 
take  New  York  City,  etc.  And  let  us  recall  that 
Kaiser  Wilhelm  once  told  Ambassador  Gerard 
that  "After  this  war  is  over,  I'll  stand  no  nonsense 
from  America."  Everything  goes  to  indicate  that 
there  has  been  a  growing  hatred  of,  and  contempt 


A  Menace  to  American  Security       141 

for,  America  In  Germany  for  a  considerable  period 
of  time.  Let  us  ponder  well  what  this  all  means 
to  us  in  case  Germany  should  come  out  of  the 
present  struggle  victorious. 

GERMANY   AND   THE    MONROE   DOCTRINE 

Now,  if  for  reasons  of  expediency,  even  after 
Germany  should  succeed  in  conquering  France, 
and  after  being  able  to  reach  some  sort  of  a  peace 
or  compromise  with  the  British  —  I  say,  if  for  any 
reason  she  did  not  see  fit,  even  though  victorious, 
to  attack  America  immediately,  then  our  conflict 
with  her  would  come  on  apace  over  the  Monroe 
Doctrine;  for  a  victorious  Germany  in  the  Euro- 
pean struggle  would  soon  look  to  South  America 
as  her  next  field  of  expansion,  after  the  realization 
of  the  dream  of  "  Mittel  Europa." 

And  perhaps  In  this  connection  it  would  be  well 
to  let  the  Germans  speak  for  themselves  as  regards 
their  attitude  toward  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  South 
America,  etc.  Read  the  following  extracts  touch- 
ing affairs  in  South  America: 

"A  portion  of  our  public  opinion  Is  much  too 
cowardly  as  regards  America.  The  fact  that  the 
United  States  asserts  the  Monroe  Doctrine  and 
practically  warns  us  Europeans  out  of  America 
does  not  mean  that  we  must  submit  to  this  doc- 


142        Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

trine.  If  for  the  most  part  we  do  so,  this  is  due 
to  European  disunity,  which  makes  it  possible  for 
the  United  States  to  fish  in  muddy  water."  — 
Hettner. 

"  Not  only  North  America,  but  all  America, 
must  be  a  bulwark  of  Teutonic  culture,  perhaps 
the  mightiest  bulwark  of  the  Teutonic  races.  South 
America  must  also  and  may  easily  become  a  home 
of  new,  free  Teutonic-Teutonoid  races.  Teutonic 
States!  Resettlement  of  the  territory  by  people 
of  Teutonic  stock;  removal  of  the  non-Teutonic 
Inhabitants  to  reservations,  or,  best  of  all,  to 
Africa."  —  Wagner. 

*'  For  the  people  of  the  Republics  that  have 
divided  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese  inheritance  It 
will  be  a  blessing  to  come  under  German  authority. 
.  .  .  .  They  will  soon  become  reconciled  to  Ger- 
man rule,  and  will  be  glad  to  share  in  the  glory 
of  the  German  name  throughout  the  world.  .  .  . 
The  German  settlements  in  Southern  Brazil  and 
in  Uruguay  are  the  only  bright  spots  In  the  dark 
picture  of  South  American  civilization.  Five  hun- 
dred thousand  Germans  live  in  these  regions;  and 
it  is  to  be  hoped  that.  In  the  reorganization  of 
South  American  relations,  when  the  Indian-Latin 
half-breeds  have  completely  ruined  themselves,  the 
immense  basin  of  La   Plata,   with   its   adjoining 


A  Menace  to  American  Security       143 

western,  eastern,  and  southern  coasts,  will  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  German  people.  The  Germans 
who  have  settled  In  the  forests  of  Southern  Brazil 
all  have,  like  the  Boers  of  South  Africa,  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  children,  on  the  average,  so  that 
the  country's  safety  Is  assured  by  this  natural  In- 
crease. It  Is  really  marvelous  that  the  German 
nation  should  not  long  ago  have  decided  to  take 
possession  of  this  territory." — Tannenberg. 


A 


CHAPTER  XXIII 

GERMANY  A  MENACE  TO  CIVILIZATION 

ND  now  who  can  doubt,  If  Germany  should 
come  out  victorious  In  the  present  struggle, 
that  all  civilization  —  civilization  as  we  under- 
stand the  term  in  America  —  would  be  menaced 
by  the  world-wide  diffusion  of  this  triumvirate  of 
"  Germanic  Kultur,"  the  "  rule  of  might,"  and  the 
''  religion  of  valor  "  ?  The  American  Republic  has 
been  summoned  as  the  power  of  the  hour  to  stand 
in  the  gap  —  to  make  sure  the  defeat  of  our  cruel 
foe.  No  people  were  ever  called  to  a  higher  and 
holier  task,  and  no  armies  have  ever  been  mar- 
shaled for  such  a  crucial  test,  as  regards  the  future 
of  Christian  civilization,  since  the  eventful  day 
when  the  Polish  general,  Sobieski,  halted  the  on- 
rushing  Mohammedan  hordes  as  they  once  threat- 
ened to  overrun  all  Europe  with  their  barbarous 
brand  of  oriental  culture  and  sensuous  religion. 

AMERICA    FIGHTS    FOR    CIVILIZATION 

The  American  people  are  called  upon  now  to 
finish  this  struggle;  especially  is  this  fact  to  be 
brought  home  to  us  with  more  and  more  force  as 

144 


A  Menace  to  Civilization  145 

we  witnessed  the  almost  utter  collapse  of  Russia 
as  a  military  power.  The  French  have  long  held 
the  enemy  at  bay.  The  British  arrived  in  time  to 
prevent  Paris  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the 
German  forces  as  the  result  of  their  dash  through 
Belgium;  and,  no  doubt,  future  historians  will 
paint  for  us  a  vivid  word  picture  of  that  long, 
thin,  British  line  on  November  ii,  19 14  —  a  line 
so  thin  that  in  most  places  they  could  not  even 
touch  hands.  They  were  absolutely  without  re- 
serves. They  were  the  last  line  of  defense  when, 
on  that  fateful  morning  about  gray  dawn,  the  last 
supply  of  ammunition  was  distributed  to  them.  If 
you  will  picture  this  scene  in  your  mind's  eye  you 
will  recognize  that  that  long,  thin  line  of  British 
troops  was  all  that  stood  between  civilization  and 
disaster.  And  as  time  passes,  Americans  will  in- 
creasingly thank  God  that  that  line  held,  that  the 
onrushing  Germans  were  checked,  that  in  some 
places  the  German  dead  were  piled  six  and  seven 
deep  in  front  of  this  last  line  —  on  that  day,  the 
last  stand  of  twentieth-century  civilization  In  its 
unequal  struggle  with  the  long-prepared  and  mar- 
velously  organized  mihtary  forces  of  twentieth- 
century  barbarism: 

Every  sentiment,   teaching,  Influence,   and  law 
which  goes  to  make  up  that  structure  which  we 


146         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

call  "modern  civilization"  Is  jeopardized  by  the 
present-day  teachings,  ethics,  and  Kultur  of  Prus- 
sianized Germany,  and  it  is  in  recognition  of  this 
fact  that,  one  by  one,  practically  all  the  civilized 
nations  of  the  earth  have  been  led  successively  to 
declare  war  upon  Germany.  A  thinking  world  is 
at  last  waking  up  to  the  fact  that  Germany  —  as 
she  is  taught,  organized,  and  ruled  today  —  is 
indeed  a  menace  to  civilization. 

PEACE  "made  in  Germany" 

But  the  most  amazing  thing  to  me  Is  that  any 
American  citizen  —  man,  woman,  or  child  — 
should  be  deceived  by  these  so-called  "  German 
peace  plans."  Germany  entered  this  war  with  no 
thought  of  possible  defeat.  She  never  expected  to 
be  called  upon  by  any  victorious  tribunal  to  give  an 
account  of  herself.  Owing  to  her  wonderful  pre- 
paredness, she  has  been  able  to  seize  and  now  holds 
much  of  the  territory  she  coveted ;  and  she  Is  there- 
fore In  the  attitude  of  a  burglar  who  has  been 
caught  with  the  goods  on  him  and  who  proposes 
to  the  policeman  who  arrested  him  that  they  sit 
down  and  have  a  friendly  conference  over  how 
much  of  the  stolen  goods  he  will  be  allowed  to  keep, 
instead  of  surrendering  his  booty  and  promptly 
marching  off  to  jail. 


A  Menace  to  Civilization  147 

Germany  does  want  peace,  because  she  has  just 
now,  after  smashing  Into  Italy,  probably  reached 
the  highest  point  possible  for  her  military  con- 
quests ;  but  don't  forget  this,  the  only  kind  of  peace 
that  Germany  wants  or  will  ever  consent  to,  short 
of  her  military  overthrow  or  threatened  defeat, 
will  be  a  peace  "made  In  Germany."  And  that 
this  Is  true,  let  me  offer  In  evidence  the  following 
statements  by  German  authorities: 

"  Let  us  conclude  no  peace  except  one  that  gives 
Germany  greater  power  on  the  sea,  new  coaling 
stations,  new  points  of  support  for  Its  fleet  and 
new  areas  of  settlement  —  a  peace  *made  In  Ger- 
many.'"—  Dr.  Beumer,  member  of  the  Prussian 
Diet,  address  October  3,  19 15, 

The  German  viewpoint  of  peace  Is  clearly 
shown  In  the  manner  and  methods  whereby  they 
sought  to  "put  over"  their  deceptive  peace  plans 
on  the  unsuspecting  Russians.  The  Germans  talk 
"  peace  "  as  a  military  camouflage  while  they  plan 
annexation  and  further  conquest. 

[Our  enemies]  .  .  .  .  "  Must  also  pay,  and 
must  pay  a  very  high  price,  for  the  injuries  they 
have  Inflicted  upon  our  interests  and  upon  our  good 
name  by  the  lies  they  have  spread  over  the  whole 
world.  Germany  must  insist  that,  in  the  treaty  of 
peace  to  be  signed  by  our  enemies,  they  themselves 


148         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

shall  confess  that  they  forced  the  war  upon  us  and 
that  they  have  lied  to  the  whole  civilized  world. 
So  only  can  we  stand  justified  before  the  tribunal 
of  history." —  fVann  wird  der  Krieg  beendigt  seinf 
by '' Diplomaticus,"  October,  1914. 

SHALL  WE  PAY  AN  INDEMNITY? 

*'  Naturally,  the  war  hits  our  oversea  export 
hardest.  As  long  as  the  war  lasts,  this  export  is 
almost  entirely  suspended.  Even  after  the  war  it 
will  suffer  serious  depression.  In  the  countries  of 
South  and  Central  America,  particularly,  we  shall 
have  to  reckon  ....  upon  a  decrease,  partly 
because  of  the  diminished  purchasing  power  of 
these  countries  and  partly  because  of  the  more 
active  Pan-American  efforts  of  the  United  States; 
and  by  the  right  of  victory  and  on  grounds  of 
justice  we  have  claim  for  indemnity  at  the  cost 
of  England  and  of  the  United  States." —  Professor 
Schumacher. 

*' We  cannot  conduct  world  politics  on  an  equal 
basis  with  other  powers  so  long  as  we  are  limited 
to  our  present  geographical  position.  .  .  .  Eng- 
land must  no  longer  be  permitted  to  cut  us  off  from 
our  dominions  across  the  sea.  The  coasts  in  every 
part  of  the  world,  except  where,  as  In  America, 
they   are    able    to    protect   themselves,    must   be 


A  Menace  to  Civilizatiofi  149 

brought  under  the  guns  of  our  ships,  just  as  those 
of  England.  .  .  .  This  means  that  the  boundaries 
of  the  old,  great,  and  entire  Germany,  which  are 
now  again  shining  In  the  red  dawn  of  war,  must 
be  permanently  retained.  Above  all  things,  we 
must  get  to  the  Channel.  .  .  .  We  have  occupied 
Belgium  against  France;  we  need  It  against  Eng- 
land. The  Channel  is  the  most  decisively  impor- 
tant trade  route  of  Europe;  one  of  Its  coasts  (since 
the  other  cannot  be  wrested  from  England)  must 
be  ours." — Professor  Spahn. 

WE   MUST   WIN  THE    WAR  —  AND   WE    CAN! 

We  must  win  this  war!  There  Is  no  doubt 
about  it  —  whether  it  takes  us  one  year  or  ten 
years.  It  is  one  of  those  llfe-and-death  struggles 
for  all  that  we  can  hold  to  be  near  and  dear  to 
the  hearts  of  the  American  people.  Again  and 
again  we  will  have  to  rally  to  the  call  for  the  pur- 
chase of  Liberty  Bonds.  Our  national  slogan 
should  be,  "  Billions  for  defense,  but  not  one  cent 
for  Indemnity."  It  is  even  good  sound  business 
to  loan  money  to  the  American  government  at 
any  rate  of  Interest  it  may  offer,  with  the  certain 
knowledge  that  it  will  be  paid  back,  than  to  turn 
the  money  over  to  the  Kaiser's  representatives  as 
indemnity,  not  only  with  the  knowledge  that  It  Is 


150         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

gone  forever,  but  along  with  it  has  also  gone  our 
national  self-respect  and  honor. 

Yes,  we  will  support  the  Red  Cross.  We  will 
cheerfully  contribute  to  the  Y.  M.  C.A.  auxiliary 
work.  We  will  conserve  food.  We  will  pay  war 
taxes.  We  will  gladly  endure  every  hardship  and 
shoulder  cheerfully  every  burden  incident  to  and 
attendant  upon  this  great  national  business  of 
making  war  upon  Germany! 

I  thoroughly  believe  in  the  soundness  of  Amer- 
ican patriotism.  I  do  not  permit  the  realization 
that  we  have  a  more  or  less  undigested  foreign 
element  in  our  midst  to  influence  my  faith  in  the 
willingness,  determination,  and  ability  of  my  fel- 
low-countrymen to  carry  through  to  a  successful  fin- 
ish the  fight  we  have  entered  upon.  When  I  wit- 
ness how  willingly  and  with  what  unanimity  the 
American  people  have  entered  into  the  great  —  and 
to  us  revolutionary  —  plans  of  the  selective  draft 
and  other  activities  which  characterized  our  sudden 
turning  from  a  peaceful  nation  into  a  war-making 
power,  I  am  convinced  more  and  more  that,  as  a 
people,  we  are  slowly,  but  surely  and  certainly, 
arising  from  our  national  Indifference  and  peace- 
dreaming  to  seize  the  weapons  of  our  hasty  prepa- 
ration and  go  forth  with  determination  to  meet 
this  international  Goliath  which  has  come  out  be- 


A  Menace  to  Civilization  151 

fore  the  world  as  the  so-called  "Superman"  of 
this  generation  to  challenge  the  armies  of  civili- 
zation. 

As  young  David  went  forth  of  old  to  meet  the 
giant,  so,  I  believe,  the  American  army  of  today 
will  go  forth  as  the  "army  of  the  Lord"  to  fight 
for  the  preservation  of  Christian  ideals  and  the 
survival  of  democratic  institutions.  I  believe  the 
American  people  will  arise  as  one  man  to  throw 
off  the  curse  of  inaction  and  the  stigma  of  coward- 
ice, so  to  acquit  themselves  that  the  frown  of 
heaven  shall  not  rest  upon  us  as  a  nation;  and, 
to  the  bitter  end,  to  fight  with  such  courage  and 
valor  as  to  earn  the  gratitude  of  future  genera- 
tions, and  receive,  as  a  nation,  the  blessings  of  the 
God  of  righteous  battles  in  place  of  the  curse  of 
Meroz  of  old,  of  whom  It  was  written:  "Curse 
Meroz!  ....  Curse  ye  bitterly  the  inhabitants 
thereof;  because  they  came  not  to  the  help  of 
the  Lord;  to  the  help  of  the  Lord  against  the 
mighty ! " 


CHAPTER  XXIV 

THE   INDICTMENT  OF  GERMANY,  OR  TWENTY-FIVE 
REASONS  WHY  WE  MUST  WIN  THE  WAR 

^ — Because  Germany  has  become  an  Inter- 
national outlaw  —  an  outcast  among  the  civilized 
nations  of  the  earth. 

2 — Because  Germany  has  proved  herself  a 
shameless  treaty-breaker  —  she  has  seared  her 
national  conscience  with  the  hot  iron  of  principle- 
less  ambition  and  merciless  conquest. 

S — Because  Germany  has  mistaught  and  de- 
ceived a  whole  people.  They  are  Insane  with 
Prussian  poison  and  drunk  with  the  delusion  of 
world  power. 

4 — Because  the  doctrine  of  the  Prussian  Super- 
man is  nothing  more  or  less  than  a  cruel  military 
supermania.  War-worship  has  turned  their  heads 
and  hardened  their  hearts. 

5 — Because  they  have  fooled  themselves  Into 
believing  that  they  are  divinely  destined  to  force 
their  so-called  Kultur  upon  all  the  world.  By  mili- 
tary force  they  seek  to  establish  themselves  as  the 
self-appointed  guardians  of  the  destiny  of  the 
whole  world. 

152 


The  Indictment  of  Germany  153 

^ — Because  Germany's  ambitions  are  wicked, 
her  plans  are  unholy,  and  her  methods  bar- 
barous—  because  she  has  sinned  against  all  man- 
kind. 

,7 — Because  she  has  reversed  the  ethics  of  civili- 
zation, overthrown  the  ideals  of  religion,  and  de- 
stroyed the  standards  of  morality  and  common 
decency. 

V  5— Because  they  worship  tyranny,  reverence 
oppression,  exalt  hate,  extol  cruelty,  practice  dis- 
simulation, and  are  obsessed  with  an  Insane  na- 
tional egotism. 

g — Because  Germany  is  returning  to  the  ethics 
of  the  jungle  —  because  they  are  unchristian,  un- 
civilized, and  inhuman  In  their  methods  of  warfare 
and  the  treatment  of  their  foes. 

10 — Because  the  German  people  really  believe 
in  the  Divine  Right  of  Kings,  and  the  world  will 
never  be  a  safe  place  for  democracy  In  the  pres- 
ence of  such  an  unscrupulous  and  victorious  autoc- 
racy. 

,// — Because  the  nations  of  earth  can  never 
dwell  together  In  peace  and  unity  and  go  about  the 
pursuit  of  happiness,  unarmed,  without  a  victory 
over  military  Germany,  the  apostle  of  fright- 
fulness  on  land  and  a  ruthless  pirate  on  the  high 
seas. 


154        Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

12 — Because  France  helped  us  gain  our  liberty, 
and  we  owe  it  to  her  (not  to  mention  other  democ- 
racies) to  help  her  maintain  the  liberty  and  inde- 
pendence of  the  French  people  against  the  unpro- 
voked and  premeditated  aggressions  of  these 
modern  Huns. 

/J — Because  the  world  can  no  longer  continue 
half  democratic  and  half  autocratic.  After  this 
great  war  It  will  eventually  be  either  all  democratic 
or  all  autocratic. 

.14 — Because  our  very  existence  as  a  free  people 
demands  It  —  because  defeat  means  possible  Inva- 
sion, probable  bondage,  and  the  ultimate  over- 
throw of  the  Monroe  Doctrine.  The  continuance 
of  American  liberty  depends  upon  a  decisive 
American  victory. 

IS — Because  of  the  unspeakable  cruelties  to 
women  and  children,  the  barbarous  and  Immoral 
practices  of  the  German  soldiers,  the  crucifixion 
of  Canadian  ofl'icers,  and  because  of  the  terrible 
and  frightful  manner  In  which  these  war-mad  Huns 
have  conducted  this  whole  war. 

16 — Because  they  honeycombed  our  land  with 
intrigue,  filled  our  country  with  spies,  conspired 
against  our  peace,  grossly  abused  our  hospitality, 
jeopardized  our  freedom,  and  flagrantly  insulted 
our  every  sense  of  national  honor. 


The  Indictment  of  Germany  155 

ij — Because  Germany  ravished  Belgium,  shot 
down  Nurse  Cavell  in  cold  blood,  turned  her  peace- 
ful embassies  into  bacteriological  laboratories,  tor- 
pedoed the  Liisitania,  and  still  unblushingly  pur- 
sues her  ruthless  submarine  warfare. 

i8 — Because  Germany  has  enslaved  and  de- 
ported thousands  of  the  French  and  Belgian  peo- 
ple, because  she  has  mutilated  and  murdered  other 
thousands  of  innocent  children  and  civilians,  and 
because  she  did  not  blush  to  carry  hundreds  of 
young  and  defenseless  girls  away  with  her  retreat- 
ing armies,  to  serve  the  base  passions  of  her  lustful 
and  bloodthirsty  warriors. 

,  ig — ^Because  civilization  hangs  in  the  balance  — 
human  liberty  and  freedom  is  the  goal  for  which 
we  are  fighting  —  and  because  the  world  will  not 
afford  a  safe  abiding  place  for  peaceful  and  liberty- 
loving  men  if  Germany  wins  this  war. 

^20 — Because  if  we  do  not  win  this  war  we  will 
be  forced  to  pay  an  enormous  indemnity  to  Ger- 
many. Let  our  battle-cry  be,  "  Billions  upon  bil- 
lions for  victory  and  defense,  but  not  one  red  cent 
for  indemnity." 

21 — Because  we  owe  a  duty  both  to  God  and 
to  all  mankind  to  prevent  the  domination  of  the 
world  by  German  Kultur  —  to  prevent  the  over- 
throw of  the  Golden  Rule  by  the  teaching  that 


156         Long  Heads  and  Round  Heads 

"  Might  is  Right,"  and  to  make  sure  that  Chris- 
tianity is  not  supplanted  by  the  Prussian  "  Religion 
of  Valor/* 

22 — Because,  In  the  Providence  of  God,  Amer- 
ica is  the  Young  David  of  this  generation,  nurtured 
and  made  strong  to  go  out  in  the  name  of  the 
Lord  God  of  Hosts  and  In  defense  of  human  rights 
and  sacred  liberties,  to  defeat  this  Germanic 
Goliath  which  so  brazenly  insults  the  properties 
of  all  nations  and  so  openly  defies  the  armies  of 
all  civilization. 

2j — Because  we  are  right.  Germany  is  wrong. 
Because  we  fight  for  no  selfish  gain.  We  honestly 
and  sincerely  tried  to  keep  out  of  this  war,  but 
now  we  stand  at  this  Armageddon  and  we  battle 
for  the  Lord. 

^  24 — Because  Germany  Is  striking  a  mortal  blow 
at  every  high  political  principle  and  every  sacred 
institution  for  which  our  fathers  suffered  and  died. 
Because  the  traditions  of  a  glorious  past  demand 
that  we  fight  to  win  —  to  perpetuate  the  liberties 
and  preserve  the  honor  of  the  home  of  the  brave 
and  the  land  of  the  free. 

25 — Because  Germany  has  gone  Into  moral 
bankruptcy  —  because  she  Is  spiritually  Insolvent 
—  and  the  time  has  come  for  the  civilized  nations 
of  the  earth  to  sit  as  a  solemn  court  of  judgment 


The  Indictment  of  Germany  157 

to  appoint  a  receiver  either  to  reorganize  or  wind 
up  the  career  of  this  brutal  Germanic  military 
establishment. 


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